identifying one’s own learning style preferences and needs, planning for an L2 task, gathering and organizing materials are examples of cognitive strategies; learn and retrieve information in an orderly string (e.g., acronyms), while other techniques create learning and retrieval via sounds (e.g., rhyming), images (e.g., a mental picture of the word itself or the meaning of the word) are examples of memory-related strategies.

note-taking, synthesizing, reorganizing information to develop stronger schemas (knowledge structures), and practicing structures and sounds formally are examples of cognitive strategies; arranging a study space and a schedule, monitoring mistakes, and evaluating task success, and evaluating the success of any type of learning strategy are examples of metacognitive strategies.

guessing from the context in listening and reading; using synonyms and “talking around” the missing word to aid speaking and writing; and strictly for speaking, using gestures or pause words) are examples of are examples of memory-related strategies; asking questions to get verification, asking for clarification of a confusing point, asking for help in doing a language task, talking with a native-speaking conversation partner, and exploring cultural norms are examples of affective strategies.

guessing from the context in listening and reading; using synonyms and “talking around” the missing word to aid speaking and writing; and strictly for speaking, using gestures or pause words, are examples of cognitive strategies; asking questions to get verification, asking for clarification of a confusing point, asking for help in doing a language task, talking with a native-speaking conversation partner, and exploring cultural norms are examples of social strategies.

identifying one’s mood and anxiety level, talking about feelings, rewarding oneself for good performance, and using deep breathing or positive self-talk are examples of affective strategies; learn and retrieve information in an orderly string (e.g., acronyms), while other techniques create learning and retrieval via sounds (e.g., rhyming), images (e.g., a mental picture of the word itself or the meaning of the word) are examples of cognitive strategies.