Based on the text below, answer question.
How New Words Are Created
Below we can find the description of five different processes that have led to the creation of new words in the English language.
(I) _________
Many of the new words added to the ever-growing lexicon of the English language are just created out of the blue, and often have li ttle or no etymological pedigree. A good example is the word dog, etymologically unrelated to any other known word, which, in the late Middle Ages, suddenly and mysteriously displaced the Old English word hound (or hund) which had served for centuries.
(II)
Some words arise simply as shortened forms of longe r words (exam, gym, lab, bus, vet, phone and burger are some obvious and wellused examples). Perhaps less obvious is the derivation of words like goodbye (a shortening of God-be-with-you) and helIo (a shortened form of the Old English for ftwhole be thou") .
Some words arise simply as shortened forms of longe r words (exam, gym, lab, bus, vet, phone and burger are some obvious and wellused examples). Perhaps less obvious is the derivation of words like goodbye (a shortening of God-be-with-you) and helIo (a shortened form of the Old English for ftwhole be thou") .
(III)
Like many languages, English allows the formation of words by joining together shorter words (e.g. airport, seashore, fireplace, etc.). The concatenation of words in English may even allow for different meanings depending on the order of combination (e.g. houseboat/boathouse, casebook/bookcase, etc).
Like many languages, English allows the formation of words by joining together shorter words (e.g. airport, seashore, fireplace, etc.). The concatenation of words in English may even allow for different meanings depending on the order of combination (e.g. houseboat/boathouse, casebook/bookcase, etc).
(IV)
The drift of word meanings over time often arises, often but not always due to catachresis. By some estimates, over half of alI words adopted into English from Latin have changed their meaning in some way over time, often drastically. For example, smart originally meant sharp, cutting or painful; A more modern example is the changing meaning of gay from merry to homosexual (and, in some circles in more recent years, to stupid or bad) .
The drift of word meanings over time often arises, often but not always due to catachresis. By some estimates, over half of alI words adopted into English from Latin have changed their meaning in some way over time, often drastically. For example, smart originally meant sharp, cutting or painful; A more modern example is the changing meaning of gay from merry to homosexual (and, in some circles in more recent years, to stupid or bad) .
(V)
New words may arise due to mishearings or misrenderings. According to the ftOxford English Dictionary", there are at least 350 words in English dictionaries (most of them thankfully quite obscure) that owe their existence purely to typos or other misrenderings (e. g. shamefaced from the original shamefast, penthouse from pentice, sweetheart from sweetard, buttonhole from button-hold, etc)
New words may arise due to mishearings or misrenderings. According to the ftOxford English Dictionary", there are at least 350 words in English dictionaries (most of them thankfully quite obscure) that owe their existence purely to typos or other misrenderings (e. g. shamefaced from the original shamefast, penthouse from pentice, sweetheart from sweetard, buttonhole from button-hold, etc)
(Adapted from http://www.thehistoryofenglish.com/issues_new.html)
The following headings have been replaced by (I), (II), (III), (IV) and which presents them in the correct order. removed from the text and (V). Choose the al ternati ve
1- Change in the Meaning of Existing Words
2- Creation from Scratch
3- Fusion or Compounding Existing Words
4- Truncation or Clipping
5- Errors
2- Creation from Scratch
3- Fusion or Compounding Existing Words
4- Truncation or Clipping
5- Errors
