According to the following text, which statement best describes the role of the teacher in the learning process?

(…) even when teachers appear to be in control of interaction, they are subject to the dynamics of the complex system of the classroom. Teachers do not control their students' learning. Teaching does not cause learning; learners make their own paths (…). This does not mean that teaching does not influence learning, far from it; teaching and teacher-learner interaction construct and constrain the learning affordances of the classroom. What a teacher can do is manage and serve her or his students' learning in a way that is consonant with their learning processes. Thus, any approach we might advocate would not be curriculum-centered nor learner-centered, but it would be learningcentered – where the learning guides the teaching and not vice versa.

Due to the non-linearity of a complex dynamic system as it moves through state space, small perturbations (teacher interventions) can make a big difference. Of course, it also can happen the other way around. Teachers and students may work very hard on some aspect of language using, with little apparent success. One day, though, the point of criticality may be reached and the system self-organizes in a new way.

LARSEN-FREEMAN, Diane; CAMERON, Lynne. Complex systems and applied linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008. p. 199-200