Language is a cultural and social phenomenon essential for cognitive development, as it mediates complex mental functions like memory, attention, and problem-solving.

Language is primarily a biological phenomenon that develops independently of social and cultural contexts.

Vygotsky considered language to be a secondary factor in cognitive development, only important for basic communication skills.

Cognitive development occurs before language development, and language has no impact on complex mental functions.

Vygotsky believed that language development is purely dependent on innate abilities, without any influence from social interactions.