USS Constitution under sail in Massachusetts Bay, 21 July 1997.

USS Constitution is a wooden-hulled, three-masted heavy frigate of the United 1 States Navy. Named after the Constitution of the United States of America by President George Washington, she is the oldest commissioned vessel afloat in the world. Constitution, launched in 1797, was one of the six original frigates authorized for construction by the Naval Act of 1794 to be the Navy’s capital ships, and so Constitution and her sisters were larger and more heavily armed than the standard run of frigate. Built in Boston, Massachusetts, her first duty with the newly formed United States Navy was to provide protection for American merchant shipping during the Quasi War with France and to defeat the Barbary pirates in the First Barbary War.

Her most famous era of naval warfare was the War of 1812 against Great Britain, when she defeated five British warships. From the battle with Guerriere, she earned the nickname of “Old Ironsides” because cannon balls glanced off her thick hull. She continued to actively serve the nation as flagship in the Mediterranean and African squadrons and circled the world in the 1840s. From 1853 to 1855 she patrolled the coast of Africa searching for illegal slave traders. During the American Civil War, the sailing frigate gave way to the progress of shipbuilding. For several years “Old Ironsides” was used as a training ship for the United States Naval Academy. Considered unfit to sea, the USS Constitution was rescued from destruction when Oliver Wendell Holmes’s poem “Old Ironsides” launched a preservation movement in 1830. Retired from active service in 1881, she served as a receiving ship until designated a museum ship in 1907, and in 1931 she made a three year 90-port tour of the nation. The frigate was completely overhauled for its bicentennial in 1997 and it sailed under its own power, drawing international attention.

Now the oldest U.S. warship still in commission, Constitution remains a powerful reminder of the nation’s earliest steps into dominance of the sea. The Naval Historical Center Detachment of Boston is responsible for planning and performing her maintenance, repair and restoration, keeping her as close to her 1812 configuration as possible. She is berthed at Pier 1 of the former Charlestown Navy Yard, at one end of Boston’s Freedom Trail, and she is open to the public year round.

Internet: <www.wikipedia.org> (adapted).

USS Constitution under sail in Massachusetts Bay, 21 July 1997.

USS Constitution is a wooden-hulled, three-masted heavy frigate of the United 1 States Navy. Named after the Constitution of the United States of America by President George Washington, she is the oldest commissioned vessel afloat in the world. Constitution, launched in 1797, was one of the six original frigates authorized for construction by the Naval Act of 1794 to be the Navy’s capital ships, and so Constitution and her sisters were larger and more heavily armed than the standard run of frigate. Built in Boston, Massachusetts, her first duty with the newly formed United States Navy was to provide protection for American merchant shipping during the Quasi War with France and to defeat the Barbary pirates in the First Barbary War.

Her most famous era of naval warfare was the War of 1812 against Great Britain, when she defeated five British warships. From the battle with Guerriere, she earned the nickname of “Old Ironsides” because cannon balls glanced off her thick hull. She continued to actively serve the nation as flagship in the Mediterranean and African squadrons and circled the world in the 1840s. From 1853 to 1855 she patrolled the coast of Africa searching for illegal slave traders. During the American Civil War, the sailing frigate gave way to the progress of shipbuilding. For several years “Old Ironsides” was used as a training ship for the United States Naval Academy. Considered unfit to sea, the USS Constitution was rescued from destruction when Oliver Wendell Holmes’s poem “Old Ironsides” launched a preservation movement in 1830. Retired from active service in 1881, she served as a receiving ship until designated a museum ship in 1907, and in 1931 she made a three year 90-port tour of the nation. The frigate was completely overhauled for its bicentennial in 1997 and it sailed under its own power, drawing international attention.

Now the oldest U.S. warship still in commission, Constitution remains a powerful reminder of the nation’s earliest steps into dominance of the sea. The Naval Historical Center Detachment of Boston is responsible for planning and performing her maintenance, repair and restoration, keeping her as close to her 1812 configuration as possible. She is berthed at Pier 1 of the former Charlestown Navy Yard, at one end of Boston’s Freedom Trail, and she is open to the public year round.

Internet: <www.wikipedia.org> (adapted).

USS Constitution under sail in Massachusetts Bay, 21 July 1997.

USS Constitution is a wooden-hulled, three-masted heavy frigate of the United 1 States Navy. Named after the Constitution of the United States of America by President George Washington, she is the oldest commissioned vessel afloat in the world. Constitution, launched in 1797, was one of the six original frigates authorized for construction by the Naval Act of 1794 to be the Navy’s capital ships, and so Constitution and her sisters were larger and more heavily armed than the standard run of frigate. Built in Boston, Massachusetts, her first duty with the newly formed United States Navy was to provide protection for American merchant shipping during the Quasi War with France and to defeat the Barbary pirates in the First Barbary War.

Her most famous era of naval warfare was the War of 1812 against Great Britain, when she defeated five British warships. From the battle with Guerriere, she earned the nickname of “Old Ironsides” because cannon balls glanced off her thick hull. She continued to actively serve the nation as flagship in the Mediterranean and African squadrons and circled the world in the 1840s. From 1853 to 1855 she patrolled the coast of Africa searching for illegal slave traders. During the American Civil War, the sailing frigate gave way to the progress of shipbuilding. For several years “Old Ironsides” was used as a training ship for the United States Naval Academy. Considered unfit to sea, the USS Constitution was rescued from destruction when Oliver Wendell Holmes’s poem “Old Ironsides” launched a preservation movement in 1830. Retired from active service in 1881, she served as a receiving ship until designated a museum ship in 1907, and in 1931 she made a three year 90-port tour of the nation. The frigate was completely overhauled for its bicentennial in 1997 and it sailed under its own power, drawing international attention.

Now the oldest U.S. warship still in commission, Constitution remains a powerful reminder of the nation’s earliest steps into dominance of the sea. The Naval Historical Center Detachment of Boston is responsible for planning and performing her maintenance, repair and restoration, keeping her as close to her 1812 configuration as possible. She is berthed at Pier 1 of the former Charlestown Navy Yard, at one end of Boston’s Freedom Trail, and she is open to the public year round.

Internet: <www.wikipedia.org> (adapted).

USS Constitution under sail in Massachusetts Bay, 21 July 1997.

USS Constitution is a wooden-hulled, three-masted heavy frigate of the United 1 States Navy. Named after the Constitution of the United States of America by President George Washington, she is the oldest commissioned vessel afloat in the world. Constitution, launched in 1797, was one of the six original frigates authorized for construction by the Naval Act of 1794 to be the Navy’s capital ships, and so Constitution and her sisters were larger and more heavily armed than the standard run of frigate. Built in Boston, Massachusetts, her first duty with the newly formed United States Navy was to provide protection for American merchant shipping during the Quasi War with France and to defeat the Barbary pirates in the First Barbary War.

Her most famous era of naval warfare was the War of 1812 against Great Britain, when she defeated five British warships. From the battle with Guerriere, she earned the nickname of “Old Ironsides” because cannon balls glanced off her thick hull. She continued to actively serve the nation as flagship in the Mediterranean and African squadrons and circled the world in the 1840s. From 1853 to 1855 she patrolled the coast of Africa searching for illegal slave traders. During the American Civil War, the sailing frigate gave way to the progress of shipbuilding. For several years “Old Ironsides” was used as a training ship for the United States Naval Academy. Considered unfit to sea, the USS Constitution was rescued from destruction when Oliver Wendell Holmes’s poem “Old Ironsides” launched a preservation movement in 1830. Retired from active service in 1881, she served as a receiving ship until designated a museum ship in 1907, and in 1931 she made a three year 90-port tour of the nation. The frigate was completely overhauled for its bicentennial in 1997 and it sailed under its own power, drawing international attention.

Now the oldest U.S. warship still in commission, Constitution remains a powerful reminder of the nation’s earliest steps into dominance of the sea. The Naval Historical Center Detachment of Boston is responsible for planning and performing her maintenance, repair and restoration, keeping her as close to her 1812 configuration as possible. She is berthed at Pier 1 of the former Charlestown Navy Yard, at one end of Boston’s Freedom Trail, and she is open to the public year round.

Internet: <www.wikipedia.org> (adapted).

“wooden-hulled” and “three-masted”, related to “USS Constitution”, are examples of modifying compounds that are often hyphenated when preceding a noun.

USS Constitution under sail in Massachusetts Bay, 21 July 1997.

USS Constitution is a wooden-hulled, three-masted heavy frigate of the United 1 States Navy. Named after the Constitution of the United States of America by President George Washington, she is the oldest commissioned vessel afloat in the world. Constitution, launched in 1797, was one of the six original frigates authorized for construction by the Naval Act of 1794 to be the Navy’s capital ships, and so Constitution and her sisters were larger and more heavily armed than the standard run of frigate. Built in Boston, Massachusetts, her first duty with the newly formed United States Navy was to provide protection for American merchant shipping during the Quasi War with France and to defeat the Barbary pirates in the First Barbary War.

Her most famous era of naval warfare was the War of 1812 against Great Britain, when she defeated five British warships. From the battle with Guerriere, she earned the nickname of “Old Ironsides” because cannon balls glanced off her thick hull. She continued to actively serve the nation as flagship in the Mediterranean and African squadrons and circled the world in the 1840s. From 1853 to 1855 she patrolled the coast of Africa searching for illegal slave traders. During the American Civil War, the sailing frigate gave way to the progress of shipbuilding. For several years “Old Ironsides” was used as a training ship for the United States Naval Academy. Considered unfit to sea, the USS Constitution was rescued from destruction when Oliver Wendell Holmes’s poem “Old Ironsides” launched a preservation movement in 1830. Retired from active service in 1881, she served as a receiving ship until designated a museum ship in 1907, and in 1931 she made a three year 90-port tour of the nation. The frigate was completely overhauled for its bicentennial in 1997 and it sailed under its own power, drawing international attention.

Now the oldest U.S. warship still in commission, Constitution remains a powerful reminder of the nation’s earliest steps into dominance of the sea. The Naval Historical Center Detachment of Boston is responsible for planning and performing her maintenance, repair and restoration, keeping her as close to her 1812 configuration as possible. She is berthed at Pier 1 of the former Charlestown Navy Yard, at one end of Boston’s Freedom Trail, and she is open to the public year round.

Internet: <www.wikipedia.org> (adapted).

Because of an inspirational poem, the USS Constitution was reported unseaworthy and condemned to be broken up, but the museum helped to raise funds for her overhauling.

USS Constitution under sail in Massachusetts Bay, 21 July 1997.

USS Constitution is a wooden-hulled, three-masted heavy frigate of the United 1 States Navy. Named after the Constitution of the United States of America by President George Washington, she is the oldest commissioned vessel afloat in the world. Constitution, launched in 1797, was one of the six original frigates authorized for construction by the Naval Act of 1794 to be the Navy’s capital ships, and so Constitution and her sisters were larger and more heavily armed than the standard run of frigate. Built in Boston, Massachusetts, her first duty with the newly formed United States Navy was to provide protection for American merchant shipping during the Quasi War with France and to defeat the Barbary pirates in the First Barbary War.

Her most famous era of naval warfare was the War of 1812 against Great Britain, when she defeated five British warships. From the battle with Guerriere, she earned the nickname of “Old Ironsides” because cannon balls glanced off her thick hull. She continued to actively serve the nation as flagship in the Mediterranean and African squadrons and circled the world in the 1840s. From 1853 to 1855 she patrolled the coast of Africa searching for illegal slave traders. During the American Civil War, the sailing frigate gave way to the progress of shipbuilding. For several years “Old Ironsides” was used as a training ship for the United States Naval Academy. Considered unfit to sea, the USS Constitution was rescued from destruction when Oliver Wendell Holmes’s poem “Old Ironsides” launched a preservation movement in 1830. Retired from active service in 1881, she served as a receiving ship until designated a museum ship in 1907, and in 1931 she made a three year 90-port tour of the nation. The frigate was completely overhauled for its bicentennial in 1997 and it sailed under its own power, drawing international attention.

Now the oldest U.S. warship still in commission, Constitution remains a powerful reminder of the nation’s earliest steps into dominance of the sea. The Naval Historical Center Detachment of Boston is responsible for planning and performing her maintenance, repair and restoration, keeping her as close to her 1812 configuration as possible. She is berthed at Pier 1 of the former Charlestown Navy Yard, at one end of Boston’s Freedom Trail, and she is open to the public year round.

Internet: <www.wikipedia.org> (adapted).

USS Constitution under sail in Massachusetts Bay, 21 July 1997.

USS Constitution is a wooden-hulled, three-masted heavy frigate of the United 1 States Navy. Named after the Constitution of the United States of America by President George Washington, she is the oldest commissioned vessel afloat in the world. Constitution, launched in 1797, was one of the six original frigates authorized for construction by the Naval Act of 1794 to be the Navy’s capital ships, and so Constitution and her sisters were larger and more heavily armed than the standard run of frigate. Built in Boston, Massachusetts, her first duty with the newly formed United States Navy was to provide protection for American merchant shipping during the Quasi War with France and to defeat the Barbary pirates in the First Barbary War.

Her most famous era of naval warfare was the War of 1812 against Great Britain, when she defeated five British warships. From the battle with Guerriere, she earned the nickname of “Old Ironsides” because cannon balls glanced off her thick hull. She continued to actively serve the nation as flagship in the Mediterranean and African squadrons and circled the world in the 1840s. From 1853 to 1855 she patrolled the coast of Africa searching for illegal slave traders. During the American Civil War, the sailing frigate gave way to the progress of shipbuilding. For several years “Old Ironsides” was used as a training ship for the United States Naval Academy. Considered unfit to sea, the USS Constitution was rescued from destruction when Oliver Wendell Holmes’s poem “Old Ironsides” launched a preservation movement in 1830. Retired from active service in 1881, she served as a receiving ship until designated a museum ship in 1907, and in 1931 she made a three year 90-port tour of the nation. The frigate was completely overhauled for its bicentennial in 1997 and it sailed under its own power, drawing international attention.

Now the oldest U.S. warship still in commission, Constitution remains a powerful reminder of the nation’s earliest steps into dominance of the sea. The Naval Historical Center Detachment of Boston is responsible for planning and performing her maintenance, repair and restoration, keeping her as close to her 1812 configuration as possible. She is berthed at Pier 1 of the former Charlestown Navy Yard, at one end of Boston’s Freedom Trail, and she is open to the public year round.

Internet: <www.wikipedia.org> (adapted).

Based on the text above, judge the following item.

After minor repair USS Constitution celebrated its 200^th birthday in 1997 making passage under her own sail in Massachusetts Bay.

USS Constitution under sail in Massachusetts Bay, 21 July 1997.

USS Constitution is a wooden-hulled, three-masted heavy frigate of the United 1 States Navy. Named after the Constitution of the United States of America by President George Washington, she is the oldest commissioned vessel afloat in the world. Constitution, launched in 1797, was one of the six original frigates authorized for construction by the Naval Act of 1794 to be the Navy’s capital ships, and so Constitution and her sisters were larger and more heavily armed than the standard run of frigate. Built in Boston, Massachusetts, her first duty with the newly formed United States Navy was to provide protection for American merchant shipping during the Quasi War with France and to defeat the Barbary pirates in the First Barbary War.

Her most famous era of naval warfare was the War of 1812 against Great Britain, when she defeated five British warships. From the battle with Guerriere, she earned the nickname of “Old Ironsides” because cannon balls glanced off her thick hull. She continued to actively serve the nation as flagship in the Mediterranean and African squadrons and circled the world in the 1840s. From 1853 to 1855 she patrolled the coast of Africa searching for illegal slave traders. During the American Civil War, the sailing frigate gave way to the progress of shipbuilding. For several years “Old Ironsides” was used as a training ship for the United States Naval Academy. Considered unfit to sea, the USS Constitution was rescued from destruction when Oliver Wendell Holmes’s poem “Old Ironsides” launched a preservation movement in 1830. Retired from active service in 1881, she served as a receiving ship until designated a museum ship in 1907, and in 1931 she made a three year 90-port tour of the nation. The frigate was completely overhauled for its bicentennial in 1997 and it sailed under its own power, drawing international attention.

Now the oldest U.S. warship still in commission, Constitution remains a powerful reminder of the nation’s earliest steps into dominance of the sea. The Naval Historical Center Detachment of Boston is responsible for planning and performing her maintenance, repair and restoration, keeping her as close to her 1812 configuration as possible. She is berthed at Pier 1 of the former Charlestown Navy Yard, at one end of Boston’s Freedom Trail, and she is open to the public year round.

Internet: <www.wikipedia.org> (adapted).

Based on the text above, judge the following item.

USS Constitution under sail in Massachusetts Bay, 21 July 1997.

USS Constitution is a wooden-hulled, three-masted heavy frigate of the United 1 States Navy. Named after the Constitution of the United States of America by President George Washington, she is the oldest commissioned vessel afloat in the world. Constitution, launched in 1797, was one of the six original frigates authorized for construction by the Naval Act of 1794 to be the Navy’s capital ships, and so Constitution and her sisters were larger and more heavily armed than the standard run of frigate. Built in Boston, Massachusetts, her first duty with the newly formed United States Navy was to provide protection for American merchant shipping during the Quasi War with France and to defeat the Barbary pirates in the First Barbary War.

Her most famous era of naval warfare was the War of 1812 against Great Britain, when she defeated five British warships. From the battle with Guerriere, she earned the nickname of “Old Ironsides” because cannon balls glanced off her thick hull. She continued to actively serve the nation as flagship in the Mediterranean and African squadrons and circled the world in the 1840s. From 1853 to 1855 she patrolled the coast of Africa searching for illegal slave traders. During the American Civil War, the sailing frigate gave way to the progress of shipbuilding. For several years “Old Ironsides” was used as a training ship for the United States Naval Academy. Considered unfit to sea, the USS Constitution was rescued from destruction when Oliver Wendell Holmes’s poem “Old Ironsides” launched a preservation movement in 1830. Retired from active service in 1881, she served as a receiving ship until designated a museum ship in 1907, and in 1931 she made a three year 90-port tour of the nation. The frigate was completely overhauled for its bicentennial in 1997 and it sailed under its own power, drawing international attention.

Now the oldest U.S. warship still in commission, Constitution remains a powerful reminder of the nation’s earliest steps into dominance of the sea. The Naval Historical Center Detachment of Boston is responsible for planning and performing her maintenance, repair and restoration, keeping her as close to her 1812 configuration as possible. She is berthed at Pier 1 of the former Charlestown Navy Yard, at one end of Boston’s Freedom Trail, and she is open to the public year round.

Internet: <www.wikipedia.org> (adapted).

Based on the text above, judge the following item.

Throughout the last 200 years as Constitution’s purpose and function changed from fighting warship, to training vessel, to receiving ship, to dock side exhibit.

Operadoras de telecomunicaciones invertirán 4.000 millones en Madrid

Las operadoras de telecomunicaciones invertirán 4.000 millones de euros en Madrid entre 2009 y 2016 para cambiar las viejas redes de cobre por fibra óptica y extender la banda ancha en la telefonía móvil, con el objetivo de conseguir velocidades de transmisión de entre 30 y 100 megas.

Las empresas ejecutarán esta inversión en el marco de un Plan Director de Infraestructuras de Telecomunicación que el Ayuntamiento de Madrid ha redactado en colaboración con ellas para conseguir que los beneficios de la sociedad de la información lleguen por igual a toda la ciudad y con criterios estéticos y de respeto al medio ambiente.

El Plan ha sido presentado hoy por el alcalde, Alberto Ruiz-Gallardón, ante numerosos representantes del sector, a los que ha expresado su voluntad de colocar a Madrid en este ámbito en “una situación de liderazgo en la Unión Europea” que le permita, además, competir con ciudades como Nueva York, Londres, Pekín o Singapur.

El Ayuntamiento de Madrid ha querido con este plan hacer compatible su derecho a velar por un desarrollo equilibrado y sostenible de la ciudad con el derecho de las operadoras a ocupar el dominio público para extender sus redes.

Las condiciones en que equilibrará ambos derechos se plasmarán en una Ordenanza para la Implantación de las Nuevas Tecnologías que actualizará la vigente desde 1999 y que ha comenzado su tramitación hoy mismo.

Esta Ordenanza reconocerá el “derecho” de los madrileños a acceder a la sociedad de la información y facilitará el despliegue de las redes necesarias “desde el máximo respeto a los criterios de integración urbanística y respeto medioambiental”, según el alcalde.

Ruiz-Gallardón ha relacionado el desarrollo de esta tecnología con la aspiración de Madrid a organizar los Juegos Olímpicos de 2016 al decir que sólo una ciudad dotada de las más modernas tecnologías de telecomunicaciones puede convencer al COI de que merece acoger un acontecimiento de esa magnitud.

Internet: <www.finanzas.com> (con adaptaciones).