READ THE TEXT AND ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTION:

Is It Live, or Is It Deepfake?

It’s been four decades since society was in awe of the quality of recordings available from a cassette recorder tape. Today we have something new to be in awe of: deepfakes. Deepfakes include hyperrealistic videos that use artificial intelligence (AI) to create fake digital content that looks and sounds real. The word is a portmanteau of “deep learning” and “fake.” Deepfakes are everywhere: from TV news to advertising, from national election campaigns to wars between states, and from cybercriminals’ phishing campaigns to insurance claims that fraudsters file. And deepfakes come in all shapes and sizes — videos, pictures, audio, text, and any other digital material that can be manipulated with AI. One estimate suggests that deepfake content online is growing at the rate of 400% annually.

There appear to be legitimate uses of deepfakes, such as in the medical industry to improve the diagnostic accuracy of AI algorithms in identifying periodontal disease or to help medical professionals create artificial patients (from real patient data) to safely test new diagnoses and treatments or help physicians make medical decisions. Deepfakes are also used to entertain, as seen recently on America’s Got Talent, and there may be future uses where deepfake could help teachers address the personal needs and preferences of specific students.

Unfortunately, there is also the obvious downside, where the most visible examples represent malicious and illegitimate uses. Examples already exist.

Deepfakes also involve voice phishing, also known as vishing, which has been among the most common techniques for cybercriminals. This technique involves using cloned voices over the phone to exploit the victim’s professional or personal relationships by impersonating trusted individuals. In March 2019, cybercriminals were able to use a deepfake to fool the CEO of a U.K.-based energy firm into making a US$234,000 wire transfer. The British CEO who was victimized thought that the person speaking on the phone was the chief executive of the firm’s German parent company. The deepfake caller asked him to transfer the funds to a Hungarian supplier within an hour, emphasizing that the matter was extremely urgent. The fraudsters used AI-based software to successfully imitate the German executive’s voice. […]

What can be done to combat deepfakes? Could we create deepfake detectors? Or create laws or a code of conduct that probably would be ignored?

There are tools that can analyze the blood flow in a subject’s face and then compare it to human blood flow activity to detect a fake. Also, the European Union is working on addressing manipulative behaviors.

There are downsides to both categories of solutions, but clearly something needs to be done to build trust in this emerging and disruptive technology. The problem isn’t going away. It is only increasing.

Authors

Nit Kshetri, Bryan School of Business and Economics, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA

Joanna F. DeFranco, Software Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, Malvern, PA, USA Jeffrey Voas, NIST, USA

Adapted from:

https://www.computer.org/csdl/magazine/co/2023/07/10154234/ 1O1wTOn6ynC

Based on the text, mark the statements below as true (T) or false (F).

( ) Deepfakes are circumscribed to certain areas of action.

( ) The sole aim of deepfake technology is to spread misinformation.

( ) Evidence shows that even high-ranking executives can be easy targets to vishing techniques.

The statements are, respectively:

Escrito na forma decimal, a quantidade de algarismos do número 2³⁰ é igual a:

Marcelo deseja construir um depósito na forma de um cubo de lado igual a 3m. Ele dispõe de tijolos de formato cúbico, com arestas iguais a 20cm. Todas as 6 paredes, incluindo o teto e o chão, deverão ser completamente fechadas. Assim, cada parede terá 20cm de espessura.

O número de tijolos que Marcelo deverá usar é igual a:

Duas estradas ligam as cidades A e B. As estradas se entrecruzam entre A e B em 5 pontos diferentes, onde se pode passar de uma a outra.

O número de modos que se pode ir de A a B, avançando sempre e mudando de estrada 3 vezes, é igual a:

A, B, C e D são os vértices da base de um paralelepípedo reto. A aresta AB mede 8, a aresta BC mede 3 e a aresta vertical CG mede 4.

A área do triângulo ABG vale:

Na representação em base binária do número 237, o número de vezes em que o algarismo 1 aparece é igual a:

Todas as frases abaixo mostram uma função da linguagem predominante; a frase em que predomina a função referencial, é:

O radical grego logia tanto pode significar “linguagem” como “estudo”; a opção em que esse radical mostra o significado de “linguagem”, é:

A pontuação é um elemento importante na organização sintática das frases; a opção abaixo em que todos os sinais de pontuação são vistos como de uso adequado, é:

Observe o pequeno texto a seguir, copiado de uma antiga reportagem do jornal O Globo (13/03/1977):

“A cada ano, 600 mil novos casos de câncer são registrados nos Estados Unidos, e mais de 350 mil pessoas morrem em consequência da doença, em suas várias formas. O câncer, como moléstia fatal, só é superado pelas enfermidades do coração, a maior causa de mortalidade entre os norte-americanos. As autoridades e entidades médicas responsáveis pelo combate ao câncer afirmam que algum progresso tem sido conseguido quanto ao controle da doença. Revelam, por exemplo, que apenas um em cada cinco doentes com câncer se curava na década de 30, enquanto hoje essa taxa é de um para cada três. Contudo, muitas das estatísticas baseiam-se em dados retirados de um pequeno número de hospitais, que não seriam representativos da situação em toda a nação”.

Sobre a composição e a estruturação desse texto, é correto afirmar que: