How does technology affect mental health?

Given the ubiquity of technology in daily life − particularly the internet and internet-based platforms such as social media sites and smartphone apps − mental health counselors working today likely will encounter clients who are experiencing issues that may be directly or indirectly linked to the use of digital media. According to Dr. Igor Pantic, writing in the literature review “Online Social Networking and Mental Health,” published by the U.S. National Library of Medicine, there is little doubt that the internet and social media platforms such as Facebook have had a notable impact on the way that individuals communicate.

Pantic further explained that a number of recent studies have observed a link between social media use and certain mental health problems, including anxiety and depression. Pantic is quick to assert, however, that the studies are by no means conclusive and that endeavors to understand the relationship between mental health and technology remain in their infancy.

Drawbacks aside, technology continues to improve many aspects of daily life for the better, and the arena of mental health is no exception: there are a number of observable areas in which the development of technology has helped clients take charge of their mental health care in a positive way.

While the internet can be an agent for good in terms of education and the strengthening of interpersonal relationships, internet addiction can be problematic because it can negatively impact academic success and one’s ability to communicate effectively in person. Dr. Romeo Vitalli noted that research has also observed a link between certain mental illnesses and internet addiction, including depression, low self-esteem and loneliness.

Pantic reported on one study from 2013, which found that younger adults who frequently used the social networking site Facebook tended to report feeling less happy, with the use of the social platform possibly to blame. Pantic also reported on a study that he personally was involved with that found rates of depression tended to be higher among those high school students who regularly utilized social media sites.

Pantic proffered some possible reasons for the findings, explaining that social media sites, for some individuals, can trigger feelings of low self-esteem. For example, a social media site user may see other people on the site and assume those individuals are more successful, beautiful, intelligent and so on. Pantic noted that !$ underset{......}{I} !$ these feelings are not necessarily linked to depression, there can be a relationship between them, particularly if the individuals in question already experience or are likely to experience mental health problems.

How does technology affect mental health?

Given the ubiquity of technology in daily life − particularly the internet and internet-based platforms such as social media sites and smartphone apps − mental health counselors working today likely will encounter clients who are experiencing issues that may be directly or indirectly linked to the use of digital media. According to Dr. Igor Pantic, writing in the literature review “Online Social Networking and Mental Health,” published by the U.S. National Library of Medicine, there is little doubt that the internet and social media platforms such as Facebook have had a notable impact on the way that individuals communicate.

Pantic further explained that a number of recent studies have observed a link between social media use and certain mental health problems, including anxiety and depression. Pantic is quick to assert, however, that the studies are by no means conclusive and that endeavors to understand the relationship between mental health and technology remain in their infancy.

Drawbacks aside, technology continues to improve many aspects of daily life for the better, and the arena of mental health is no exception: there are a number of observable areas in which the development of technology has helped clients take charge of their mental health care in a positive way.

While the internet can be an agent for good in terms of education and the strengthening of interpersonal relationships, internet addiction can be problematic because it can negatively impact academic success and one’s ability to communicate effectively in person. Dr. Romeo Vitalli noted that research has also observed a link between certain mental illnesses and internet addiction, including depression, low self-esteem and loneliness.

Pantic reported on one study from 2013, which found that younger adults who frequently used the social networking site Facebook tended to report feeling less happy, with the use of the social platform possibly to blame. Pantic also reported on a study that he personally was involved with that found rates of depression tended to be higher among those high school students who regularly utilized social media sites.

Pantic proffered some possible reasons for the findings, explaining that social media sites, for some individuals, can trigger feelings of low self-esteem. For example, a social media site user may see other people on the site and assume those individuals are more successful, beautiful, intelligent and so on. Pantic noted that !$ underset{......}{I} !$ these feelings are not necessarily linked to depression, there can be a relationship between them, particularly if the individuals in question already experience or are likely to experience mental health problems.

How does technology affect mental health?

Given the ubiquity of technology in daily life − particularly the internet and internet-based platforms such as social media sites and smartphone apps − mental health counselors working today likely will encounter clients who are experiencing issues that may be directly or indirectly linked to the use of digital media. According to Dr. Igor Pantic, writing in the literature review “Online Social Networking and Mental Health,” published by the U.S. National Library of Medicine, there is little doubt that the internet and social media platforms such as Facebook have had a notable impact on the way that individuals communicate.

Pantic further explained that a number of recent studies have observed a link between social media use and certain mental health problems, including anxiety and depression. Pantic is quick to assert, however, that the studies are by no means conclusive and that endeavors to understand the relationship between mental health and technology remain in their infancy.

Drawbacks aside, technology continues to improve many aspects of daily life for the better, and the arena of mental health is no exception: there are a number of observable areas in which the development of technology has helped clients take charge of their mental health care in a positive way.

While the internet can be an agent for good in terms of education and the strengthening of interpersonal relationships, internet addiction can be problematic because it can negatively impact academic success and one’s ability to communicate effectively in person. Dr. Romeo Vitalli noted that research has also observed a link between certain mental illnesses and internet addiction, including depression, low self-esteem and loneliness.

Pantic reported on one study from 2013, which found that younger adults who frequently used the social networking site Facebook tended to report feeling less happy, with the use of the social platform possibly to blame. Pantic also reported on a study that he personally was involved with that found rates of depression tended to be higher among those high school students who regularly utilized social media sites.

Pantic proffered some possible reasons for the findings, explaining that social media sites, for some individuals, can trigger feelings of low self-esteem. For example, a social media site user may see other people on the site and assume those individuals are more successful, beautiful, intelligent and so on. Pantic noted that !$ underset{......}{I} !$ these feelings are not necessarily linked to depression, there can be a relationship between them, particularly if the individuals in question already experience or are likely to experience mental health problems.

‘This is really weird. Who wakes up and their hand doesn’t work?’

By Sandra G. Boodman

September 3, 2022

Share

The act was so routine Michael Brenner never thought about it − until the Sunday morning in June 2021 when he ambled over to his computer to type a quick note and discovered he !$ underset{......}{I} !$. Brenner, who is right-handed, was unable to lift or extend his fingers, which felt inexplicably stiff. His left hand was unaffected. He thought it might be carpal tunnel syndrome, a common condition resulting from a pinched nerve in the wrist.

A week later, his condition unchanged, he saw his internist for what he assumed was a minor, and easily fixable, problem. He soon discovered it was neither trivial nor easy to diagnose; he had no idea how tricky it would be to treat.

Over the next 10 months, Brenner would consult an orthopedic hand surgeon; a physiatrist, a medical doctor who specializes in physical rehabilitation; multiple neurologists; a neurosurgeon and a plastic surgeon in a circuitous, time-sensitive effort to fix his partially paralyzed hand.

The hand surgeon recommended a radial tunnel release, an outpatient procedure to alleviate pressure on the nerve. After the operation in July, the surgeon told Brenner his nerve had been extremely compressed and that he should slowly improve with physical therapy (PT).

In early November after four months of PT, Brenner was no better than he’d been before surgery. The hand surgeon sent him to a physiatrist for electromyography (EMG) and a nerve conduction study, tests that evaluate the functioning of nerves and muscles.

Midway through the EMG, the doctor’s reassuring manner changed. He left the exam room saying he needed to check a textbook. Upon his return he announced that he had detected nerve damage on a part of the radial nerve where the surgeon had not operated. Brenner said the physiatrist told him he’d probably need a second operation.

As the weeks passed, he worried increasingly that the paralysis might spread to his left hand.

He consulted a neurologist who ordered extensive blood tests. All were normal, The neurologist told Brenner she didn’t know what was wrong and referred him to neurosurgeon Allan Belzburg, chief of peripheral nerve surgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore.

After examining Brenner and reviewing his test results, Belzburg told him the nerve damage was most likely the result of Parsonage-Turner syndrome (PTS), an uncommon and little understood disorder also known as neuralgic amyotrophy. Belzburg recommended nerve transfer surgery, which would involve taking a healthy, redundant nerve from Brenner’s wrist and connecting it to the damaged nerve, allowing it to function. Belzburg told Brenner that he performs such procedures with plastic and reconstructive surgeon Sami Tuffaha, who has advanced training in hand surgery.

Brenner met with Tuffaha, who agreed that nerve transfer offered the best hope for recovery.

When the surgeons opened Brenner’s arm, in January, they discovered what appeared to be a severed nerve at the site of his first surgery. Closer examination revealed a possible hourglass-like constriction, a rare deformity sometimes seen in PTS patients, caused by a band that tightly encircles the nerve making it resemble an hourglass.

Tuffaha said that the Hopkins surgeons had not previously encountered this, but reached out to someone who had: Surgeon Scott W. Wolfe of New York’s Hospital for Special Surgery, who was looped into the operating room at the last minute via video call. Wolfe co-authored a 2021 study describing successful surgery performed on 11 PTS patients with hourglass constrictions.

Tuffaha said, “He convinced us that microneurolysis should work.” Wolfe recommended wrapping the damaged nerve in connective tissue harvested from Brenner’s wrist to protect it.

At the end of the four-hour operation, Tuffaha was hopeful but unsure the novel approach would work.

But Brenner was overjoyed when the post-operative EMG test detected the first flickers of activity.

Brenner said he wishes he had seen a neurologist early on, which might have expedited the diagnosis.

(Adapted from https://www.washingtonpost.com)

‘This is really weird. Who wakes up and their hand doesn’t work?’

By Sandra G. Boodman

September 3, 2022

Share

The act was so routine Michael Brenner never thought about it − until the Sunday morning in June 2021 when he ambled over to his computer to type a quick note and discovered he !$ underset{......}{I} !$. Brenner, who is right-handed, was unable to lift or extend his fingers, which felt inexplicably stiff. His left hand was unaffected. He thought it might be carpal tunnel syndrome, a common condition resulting from a pinched nerve in the wrist.

A week later, his condition unchanged, he saw his internist for what he assumed was a minor, and easily fixable, problem. He soon discovered it was neither trivial nor easy to diagnose; he had no idea how tricky it would be to treat.

Over the next 10 months, Brenner would consult an orthopedic hand surgeon; a physiatrist, a medical doctor who specializes in physical rehabilitation; multiple neurologists; a neurosurgeon and a plastic surgeon in a circuitous, time-sensitive effort to fix his partially paralyzed hand.

The hand surgeon recommended a radial tunnel release, an outpatient procedure to alleviate pressure on the nerve. After the operation in July, the surgeon told Brenner his nerve had been extremely compressed and that he should slowly improve with physical therapy (PT).

In early November after four months of PT, Brenner was no better than he’d been before surgery. The hand surgeon sent him to a physiatrist for electromyography (EMG) and a nerve conduction study, tests that evaluate the functioning of nerves and muscles.

Midway through the EMG, the doctor’s reassuring manner changed. He left the exam room saying he needed to check a textbook. Upon his return he announced that he had detected nerve damage on a part of the radial nerve where the surgeon had not operated. Brenner said the physiatrist told him he’d probably need a second operation.

As the weeks passed, he worried increasingly that the paralysis might spread to his left hand.

He consulted a neurologist who ordered extensive blood tests. All were normal, The neurologist told Brenner she didn’t know what was wrong and referred him to neurosurgeon Allan Belzburg, chief of peripheral nerve surgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore.

After examining Brenner and reviewing his test results, Belzburg told him the nerve damage was most likely the result of Parsonage-Turner syndrome (PTS), an uncommon and little understood disorder also known as neuralgic amyotrophy. Belzburg recommended nerve transfer surgery, which would involve taking a healthy, redundant nerve from Brenner’s wrist and connecting it to the damaged nerve, allowing it to function. Belzburg told Brenner that he performs such procedures with plastic and reconstructive surgeon Sami Tuffaha, who has advanced training in hand surgery.

Brenner met with Tuffaha, who agreed that nerve transfer offered the best hope for recovery.

When the surgeons opened Brenner’s arm, in January, they discovered what appeared to be a severed nerve at the site of his first surgery. Closer examination revealed a possible hourglass-like constriction, a rare deformity sometimes seen in PTS patients, caused by a band that tightly encircles the nerve making it resemble an hourglass.

Tuffaha said that the Hopkins surgeons had not previously encountered this, but reached out to someone who had: Surgeon Scott W. Wolfe of New York’s Hospital for Special Surgery, who was looped into the operating room at the last minute via video call. Wolfe co-authored a 2021 study describing successful surgery performed on 11 PTS patients with hourglass constrictions.

Tuffaha said, “He convinced us that microneurolysis should work.” Wolfe recommended wrapping the damaged nerve in connective tissue harvested from Brenner’s wrist to protect it.

At the end of the four-hour operation, Tuffaha was hopeful but unsure the novel approach would work.

But Brenner was overjoyed when the post-operative EMG test detected the first flickers of activity.

Brenner said he wishes he had seen a neurologist early on, which might have expedited the diagnosis.

(Adapted from https://www.washingtonpost.com)

‘This is really weird. Who wakes up and their hand doesn’t work?’

By Sandra G. Boodman

September 3, 2022

Share

The act was so routine Michael Brenner never thought about it − until the Sunday morning in June 2021 when he ambled over to his computer to type a quick note and discovered he !$ underset{......}{I} !$. Brenner, who is right-handed, was unable to lift or extend his fingers, which felt inexplicably stiff. His left hand was unaffected. He thought it might be carpal tunnel syndrome, a common condition resulting from a pinched nerve in the wrist.

A week later, his condition unchanged, he saw his internist for what he assumed was a minor, and easily fixable, problem. He soon discovered it was neither trivial nor easy to diagnose; he had no idea how tricky it would be to treat.

Over the next 10 months, Brenner would consult an orthopedic hand surgeon; a physiatrist, a medical doctor who specializes in physical rehabilitation; multiple neurologists; a neurosurgeon and a plastic surgeon in a circuitous, time-sensitive effort to fix his partially paralyzed hand.

The hand surgeon recommended a radial tunnel release, an outpatient procedure to alleviate pressure on the nerve. After the operation in July, the surgeon told Brenner his nerve had been extremely compressed and that he should slowly improve with physical therapy (PT).

In early November after four months of PT, Brenner was no better than he’d been before surgery. The hand surgeon sent him to a physiatrist for electromyography (EMG) and a nerve conduction study, tests that evaluate the functioning of nerves and muscles.

Midway through the EMG, the doctor’s reassuring manner changed. He left the exam room saying he needed to check a textbook. Upon his return he announced that he had detected nerve damage on a part of the radial nerve where the surgeon had not operated. Brenner said the physiatrist told him he’d probably need a second operation.

As the weeks passed, he worried increasingly that the paralysis might spread to his left hand.

He consulted a neurologist who ordered extensive blood tests. All were normal, The neurologist told Brenner she didn’t know what was wrong and referred him to neurosurgeon Allan Belzburg, chief of peripheral nerve surgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore.

After examining Brenner and reviewing his test results, Belzburg told him the nerve damage was most likely the result of Parsonage-Turner syndrome (PTS), an uncommon and little understood disorder also known as neuralgic amyotrophy. Belzburg recommended nerve transfer surgery, which would involve taking a healthy, redundant nerve from Brenner’s wrist and connecting it to the damaged nerve, allowing it to function. Belzburg told Brenner that he performs such procedures with plastic and reconstructive surgeon Sami Tuffaha, who has advanced training in hand surgery.

Brenner met with Tuffaha, who agreed that nerve transfer offered the best hope for recovery.

When the surgeons opened Brenner’s arm, in January, they discovered what appeared to be a severed nerve at the site of his first surgery. Closer examination revealed a possible hourglass-like constriction, a rare deformity sometimes seen in PTS patients, caused by a band that tightly encircles the nerve making it resemble an hourglass.

Tuffaha said that the Hopkins surgeons had not previously encountered this, but reached out to someone who had: Surgeon Scott W. Wolfe of New York’s Hospital for Special Surgery, who was looped into the operating room at the last minute via video call. Wolfe co-authored a 2021 study describing successful surgery performed on 11 PTS patients with hourglass constrictions.

Tuffaha said, “He convinced us that microneurolysis should work.” Wolfe recommended wrapping the damaged nerve in connective tissue harvested from Brenner’s wrist to protect it.

At the end of the four-hour operation, Tuffaha was hopeful but unsure the novel approach would work.

But Brenner was overjoyed when the post-operative EMG test detected the first flickers of activity.

Brenner said he wishes he had seen a neurologist early on, which might have expedited the diagnosis.

(Adapted from https://www.washingtonpost.com)

‘This is really weird. Who wakes up and their hand doesn’t work?’

By Sandra G. Boodman

September 3, 2022

Share

The act was so routine Michael Brenner never thought about it − until the Sunday morning in June 2021 when he ambled over to his computer to type a quick note and discovered he !$ underset{......}{I} !$. Brenner, who is right-handed, was unable to lift or extend his fingers, which felt inexplicably stiff. His left hand was unaffected. He thought it might be carpal tunnel syndrome, a common condition resulting from a pinched nerve in the wrist.

A week later, his condition unchanged, he saw his internist for what he assumed was a minor, and easily fixable, problem. He soon discovered it was neither trivial nor easy to diagnose; he had no idea how tricky it would be to treat.

Over the next 10 months, Brenner would consult an orthopedic hand surgeon; a physiatrist, a medical doctor who specializes in physical rehabilitation; multiple neurologists; a neurosurgeon and a plastic surgeon in a circuitous, time-sensitive effort to fix his partially paralyzed hand.

The hand surgeon recommended a radial tunnel release, an outpatient procedure to alleviate pressure on the nerve. After the operation in July, the surgeon told Brenner his nerve had been extremely compressed and that he should slowly improve with physical therapy (PT).

In early November after four months of PT, Brenner was no better than he’d been before surgery. The hand surgeon sent him to a physiatrist for electromyography (EMG) and a nerve conduction study, tests that evaluate the functioning of nerves and muscles.

Midway through the EMG, the doctor’s reassuring manner changed. He left the exam room saying he needed to check a textbook. Upon his return he announced that he had detected nerve damage on a part of the radial nerve where the surgeon had not operated. Brenner said the physiatrist told him he’d probably need a second operation.

As the weeks passed, he worried increasingly that the paralysis might spread to his left hand.

He consulted a neurologist who ordered extensive blood tests. All were normal, The neurologist told Brenner she didn’t know what was wrong and referred him to neurosurgeon Allan Belzburg, chief of peripheral nerve surgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore.

After examining Brenner and reviewing his test results, Belzburg told him the nerve damage was most likely the result of Parsonage-Turner syndrome (PTS), an uncommon and little understood disorder also known as neuralgic amyotrophy. Belzburg recommended nerve transfer surgery, which would involve taking a healthy, redundant nerve from Brenner’s wrist and connecting it to the damaged nerve, allowing it to function. Belzburg told Brenner that he performs such procedures with plastic and reconstructive surgeon Sami Tuffaha, who has advanced training in hand surgery.

Brenner met with Tuffaha, who agreed that nerve transfer offered the best hope for recovery.

When the surgeons opened Brenner’s arm, in January, they discovered what appeared to be a severed nerve at the site of his first surgery. Closer examination revealed a possible hourglass-like constriction, a rare deformity sometimes seen in PTS patients, caused by a band that tightly encircles the nerve making it resemble an hourglass.

Tuffaha said that the Hopkins surgeons had not previously encountered this, but reached out to someone who had: Surgeon Scott W. Wolfe of New York’s Hospital for Special Surgery, who was looped into the operating room at the last minute via video call. Wolfe co-authored a 2021 study describing successful surgery performed on 11 PTS patients with hourglass constrictions.

Tuffaha said, “He convinced us that microneurolysis should work.” Wolfe recommended wrapping the damaged nerve in connective tissue harvested from Brenner’s wrist to protect it.

At the end of the four-hour operation, Tuffaha was hopeful but unsure the novel approach would work.

But Brenner was overjoyed when the post-operative EMG test detected the first flickers of activity.

Brenner said he wishes he had seen a neurologist early on, which might have expedited the diagnosis.

(Adapted from https://www.washingtonpost.com)

The aim of the present study is to help evaluate people’s understanding on global warming and its associated health implications which will aid in informing policies towards increasing public awareness and adaptation strategies for the global warming phenomenon.

Global warming is undoubtedly a major problem with worldwide attention and focus. Its occurrence is a result of the elevation in average global temperatures facilitated by the greenhouse effect. Studies have shown that the earth has become warmer in the past three decades as compared to any decade before 1850. Unlike years before the 20th century when global warming was significantly under control, managing this phenomenon has become an extremely difficult task to carry out in this 21st century as a result of the rise in human-orchestrated industrial and powerhouse emissions. The relatively higher level of global warming in recent times poses higher health risks to humans, both directly and indirectly. Global warming is linked to heat stress which can cause kidney stones, heat strokes, heat cramps, heat syncope, and heat exhaustion in humans. Also, global warming is associated with respiratory diseases such as asthma. Additionally, it can result in drought, crop failure, and an increase in vector and water-borne diseases which indirectly affect the health of humans, thus increasing chances of high mortality among humans.

In public health practices, it is critical for people to be knowledgeable about dangers and risks to their health and wellbeing. Thus, people need to understand the health risks associated with global warming, so they can embark on relevant procedures to protect themselves and also actively participate in national mitigation agenda or activities. This will go a long way to sustain their health and physical wellbeing. It is not accurate or substantive enough to assume the public are well informed about global warming, just because of its policies and worldwide publicity. Sufficient evidence exists to attest to this. For example, Miabach et al. found that although there is substantial general awareness among many fragments of the US population concerning global warming, only few Americans understood the various harms it causes. Similarly, adolescents in a study conducted in Indonesia demonstrated low knowledge concerning climate change and its health consequences among humans.

(Adapted from https://www.hindawi.com)

The aim of the present study is to help evaluate people’s understanding on global warming and its associated health implications which will aid in informing policies towards increasing public awareness and adaptation strategies for the global warming phenomenon.

Global warming is undoubtedly a major problem with worldwide attention and focus. Its occurrence is a result of the elevation in average global temperatures facilitated by the greenhouse effect. Studies have shown that the earth has become warmer in the past three decades as compared to any decade before 1850. Unlike years before the 20th century when global warming was significantly under control, managing this phenomenon has become an extremely difficult task to carry out in this 21st century as a result of the rise in human-orchestrated industrial and powerhouse emissions. The relatively higher level of global warming in recent times poses higher health risks to humans, both directly and indirectly. Global warming is linked to heat stress which can cause kidney stones, heat strokes, heat cramps, heat syncope, and heat exhaustion in humans. Also, global warming is associated with respiratory diseases such as asthma. Additionally, it can result in drought, crop failure, and an increase in vector and water-borne diseases which indirectly affect the health of humans, thus increasing chances of high mortality among humans.

In public health practices, it is critical for people to be knowledgeable about dangers and risks to their health and wellbeing. Thus, people need to understand the health risks associated with global warming, so they can embark on relevant procedures to protect themselves and also actively participate in national mitigation agenda or activities. This will go a long way to sustain their health and physical wellbeing. It is not accurate or substantive enough to assume the public are well informed about global warming, just because of its policies and worldwide publicity. Sufficient evidence exists to attest to this. For example, Miabach et al. found that although there is substantial general awareness among many fragments of the US population concerning global warming, only few Americans understood the various harms it causes. Similarly, adolescents in a study conducted in Indonesia demonstrated low knowledge concerning climate change and its health consequences among humans.

(Adapted from https://www.hindawi.com)

The aim of the present study is to help evaluate people’s understanding on global warming and its associated health implications which will aid in informing policies towards increasing public awareness and adaptation strategies for the global warming phenomenon.

Global warming is undoubtedly a major problem with worldwide attention and focus. Its occurrence is a result of the elevation in average global temperatures facilitated by the greenhouse effect. Studies have shown that the earth has become warmer in the past three decades as compared to any decade before 1850. Unlike years before the 20th century when global warming was significantly under control, managing this phenomenon has become an extremely difficult task to carry out in this 21st century as a result of the rise in human-orchestrated industrial and powerhouse emissions. The relatively higher level of global warming in recent times poses higher health risks to humans, both directly and indirectly. Global warming is linked to heat stress which can cause kidney stones, heat strokes, heat cramps, heat syncope, and heat exhaustion in humans. Also, global warming is associated with respiratory diseases such as asthma. Additionally, it can result in drought, crop failure, and an increase in vector and water-borne diseases which indirectly affect the health of humans, thus increasing chances of high mortality among humans.

In public health practices, it is critical for people to be knowledgeable about dangers and risks to their health and wellbeing. Thus, people need to understand the health risks associated with global warming, so they can embark on relevant procedures to protect themselves and also actively participate in national mitigation agenda or activities. This will go a long way to sustain their health and physical wellbeing. It is not accurate or substantive enough to assume the public are well informed about global warming, just because of its policies and worldwide publicity. Sufficient evidence exists to attest to this. For example, Miabach et al. found that although there is substantial general awareness among many fragments of the US population concerning global warming, only few Americans understood the various harms it causes. Similarly, adolescents in a study conducted in Indonesia demonstrated low knowledge concerning climate change and its health consequences among humans.

(Adapted from https://www.hindawi.com)