Uma estratégia inicial para o manejo da hipertensão era alterar o equilíbrio do Na+ pela restrição de sal na dieta. A alteração farmacológica do equilíbrio de Na+ foi possível com o desenvolvimento de diuréticos tiazídicos ativos por via oral. Assinale a alternativa CORRETA que corresponde a um dos diuréticos poupadores de K⁺.

É CORRETO afirmar que a toxicidade do paracetamol (acetaminofeno) é geralmente associada a:

Com base nos tipos de dor e características da dor, assinale a alternativa CORRETA que corresponde ao tipo de dor superficial, em queimação, sensação de frio doloroso, choque, formigamento, amortecimento, coceira, alfinetada e agulhada.

The selection of medications is one of the most important activities in pharmaceutical care. One of the technical criteria to be considered is:

Nausea and vomiting can be manifestations of a wide variety of conditions. Regarding 5-HT3 serotonin receptor antagonists, it is correct to say:

The pharmacokinetics of a drug involve its passage through various cellular membranes. Understanding the transport mechanisms and the physicochemical properties of molecules and membranes is essential to comprehend the distribution of drugs in the human body. Regarding the passage of drugs through membrane barriers, judge the following statements as true (T) or false (F):

(__)The plasma membrane is fluid and flexible, due to the presence of microdomains, such as "lipid rafts," and is organized with proteins that function as structural anchors, receptors, ion channels, and transporters.
(__)The Na+/K+-ATPase pump is an important example of facilitated diffusion, which is one of the therapeutic targets of digoxin used in the treatment of heart failure.
(__)In passive transport, the drug moves by diffusion following a concentration gradient, depending on its solubility in the lipid bilayer, the concentration gradient, the partition coefficient, and the membrane area.

Select the alternative in which the respective order of judgment is correct:

Regarding the pathophysiology of kidney disease, evaluate the propositions:

I.Diabetic nephropathy often causes hypokalemia in the early stages of kidney failure due to renal tubular alkalosis. For treatment, the use of thiazide diuretics is indicated, which reduce potassium excretion and increase the salt load in the collecting duct.
II.Diseases such as hypothyroidism and systemic lupus erythematosus promote excessive release of salt and water by the kidneys, primarily due to a disturbance in the regulation of renal microcirculation and tubular function, mediated by the release of prostaglandins, cytokines, and other inflammatory factors.
III.Loop diuretics can worsen the formation of urinary casts in multiple myeloma and light-chain nephropathy by increasing chloride concentration, which enhances the secretion of Tamm-Horsfall protein, facilitating its aggregation with Bence Jones proteins.

Select the correct alternative:

Antimicrobial stewardship programs in healthcare services aim to ensure the maximum therapeutic efficacy of medications, reduce the occurrence of adverse events in patients, prevent the selection and spread of resistant microorganisms, and lower healthcare costs. In this context, the implementation of pharmacy-guided interventions can significantly improve antimicrobial use management in the institution. One of the pharmacy's actions is:

No contexto da farmacocinética, qual das alternativas abaixo descreve corretamente o processo de distribuição de uma droga?

Com base nas informações sobre a administração de Amoxicilina + Clavulanato, qual das seguintes afirmações é correta?