Read the text.

Mount Nyiragongo in the Democratic Republic of Congo is one of Africa’s most active volcanoes. In all, there are eight volcanoes along the borders of Rwanda, Congo and Uganda. Nyiragongo was last active in 1994, when a lava lake reappeared in its summit crater. The latest eruption is more serious. Lava from Nyiragongo can travel at 60 kilometers per hour and some of it might reach a nearby lake and do further damage. Bill Evans of the US Geological Survey said lava could react with gas in the lake, with catastrophic consequences. The gas is composed of carbon dioxide and methane and could suffocate local people living around the lake.
Associate the lexical category with its word highlighted in the text above. 

WORDS 1. along 2. borders 3. latest 4. it 5. reach
LEXICAL CATEGORIES ( ) verb ( ) noun ( ) adverb ( ) adjective ( ) preposition
The correct sequence of this association is:

As stated by McCarthy, in An Introduction to English Morphology, “a proverb is a traditional saying, syntactically a sentence, whose conventional interpretation differs from what is suggested by the literal meaning of the words it contains.”
Associate the meaning with the proverb. 

PROVERBS
1. Beggars can’t be choosers 2. A stitch in time saves nine 3. Every cloud has a silver lining 4. Too many cooks spoil the broth 5. It is no use crying over spilt milk
MEANINGS
( ) If you depend on others, you can’t be too picky. ( ) Even difficult situations have something positive hidden within them. ( ) Having too many people involved in a task makes it harder to complete. ( ) After an accident one should look to the future, rather than waste time wishing the accident had no happened. ( ) Anticipating a future problem and taking care to avoid it is less troublesome in the long run than responding to the problem after it has arisen.

The correct sequence of this association is:

Read the excerpt and fill in the blanks with the words indicated below.

During the next 50 years an incredible ______ of new technologies is expected to move from the lab to the world of business. We are already seeing evidence of this today. Robots are replacing humans on the production lines. Microcomputers have become ______ in offices. Bio-factories are beginning to manufacture ______ of engineered human insulin. The coming decades promise to be especially volatile and exciting for American business. The expected ______ will profoundly change not only our lives but those of our children and grandchildren. For the more developed nations, this era of turmoil will be marked by economic difficulties, problems with ______ and pollution, and continually dwindling resources.


The sequence that correctly fills in the blanks is:

Analyze the following assertions made by Brown, in Teaching by Principles, about the characteristics of communicative language teaching.

I- Language techniques are not designed to engage learners in the pragmatic, authentic, functional use of language for meaningful purposes.

II- The role of the teacher is that of facilitator and guide, not an all-knowing bestower of knowledge; students are therefore encouraged to construct meaning through genuine linguistic interaction with others.

III- Students lack opportunities to focus on their own learning process through an understanding of their own styles of learning and through the development of appropriate strategies for autonomous learning.

IV- Fluency and accuracy are seen as complementary principles underlying communicative techniques; at times fluency may have to take on more importance than accuracy in order to keep learners meaningfully engaged in language use.

V- Classroom goals are focused on all the components (grammatical, discourse, functional, sociolinguistic, and strategic) of communicative competence; goals therefore must intertwine the organizational aspects of language with the pragmatic.


It is correct only what is stated in

According to ideas developed by Brown and Abeywickrama, in Language assessment: principles and classroom practices, indicate whether each of the following statements about the advantages of standardized tests is true (T) or false (F).

( ) Readily available product. ( ) Easily administered only to small groups. ( ) Previously validated product (in many cases). ( ) Streamlined scoring and reporting procedures. ( ) As an indirect testing, it will always elicit a good sample of performance.
According to the statements, the correct sequence is:

Considering the statements presented by Lightbown and Spada, in How Languages are Learned, about the behaviourist perspective, a theory of learning that was very influential in the 1940s and 1950s, especially in the United States, analyze the following assertions.

I- The behavourists viewed imitation and practice as the primary processes in language development.

II- This theory gives great importance to the environment as the source of everything the child needs to learn.

III- Traditional behaviourists hypothesized that when children imitated the language produced by those around them, their attempts to reproduce what they heard received ‘positive reinforcement’.

IV- Encouraged by their environment, children would continue to imitate and practice the sounds and patterns until they formed ‘habits’ of correct language use.

V- According to this view, the quality and quantity of the language the child hears, as well as the consistency of the reinforcement offered by others in the in the environment, would not shape the child’s language behaviour.


It is correct only what is stated in

Associate the expressions with their respective synonyms.

EXPRESSIONS

1. Best man

2. Man of means

3. Man in the street

4. Man about town

5. Man of his word

SYNONYMS

( ) An average person.

( ) A fashionable, high-living man.

( ) A man who keeps his promises.

( ) A person who is wealthy and has substantial resources.

( ) An official supporter of the bridegroom at a wedding ceremony.

The correct sequence of this association is

Indicate whether each of the following statements presented by Jeremy Harmer, in The practice of English language teaching, about the advantages of nonnative-English-speaker teachers, is true (T) or false (F).

( ) They have often had the same experience of learning English as their students.
( ) They are frequently considerably more familiar with local customs and learning styles.
( ) On the vast majority of contexts, in countries all over the world, English is taught by non-nativeEnglish-speaker teachers.
( ) They represent a “Western culture” from which spring the ideals both of the English language and English language teaching methodology.

According to the statements, the correct sequence is:

Texts for question 60.

"The white man is very clever. He came quietly and peaceably with his religion.… He has put a knife on the things that held us together and we have fallen apart.”

ACHEBE, Chinua. The African Trilogy: Things Fall Apart; Arrow of God; No Longer at Ease. New York: Penguin Classics, 2017.

“No pedagogy which is truly liberating can remain distant from the oppressed; nor can it afford to impose the teacher’s cultural patterns upon them.”

FREIRE, Paulo. Pedagogy of the Oppressed. Translated by Myra Bergman Ramos. New York: Herder and Herder, 1970.

"Once critical pedagogues see schools as cultural arenas where distinct social and ideological forms find themselves in constant conflict, what they shall be seeking is society transformation through education, including language education."

SIQUEIRA, Sávio. Critical pedagogy and language education: Hearing the voices of Brazilian teachers of English. Education Sciences, Basel, v. 11, n. 5, p. 235, May 14, 2021.

It is reasonable to affirm that Freire (1970) is the main author in Brazil to propose Education as a social practice. In the field of English language teaching, there are many approaches and perspectives aligned with Freire’s ideas, such as Siqueira’s (2021) way of rethinking the English teaching process in the context of 21st-century Brazil.Considering the relationship between these two authors perspectives and the quotation from the main author of African literature, it is correct to affirm:

The words wafted and sizzling could be correctly replaced by: