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4224104 Ano: 2026
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: Avança SP
Orgão: Pref. Ubatuba-SP
Read the text to answer question.


Using Machine Learning to Develop Personalized Vaccines for Cancer


Yale researchers have developed a machine learning model, called Immunostruct, that can help scientists create more personalized vaccines, including vaccines for cancer. They described the tool in Nature Machine Intelligence along with findings from applying it to cancer and immunology data.

    When a potential threat, such as a virus or tumor, arises in our body, our immune cells recognize peptides---essentially short proteins---on the surface of the invader and mount a defensive response. This small region that the immune system interacts with is known as an epitope. 

    Epitope-based vaccines are an emerging technology that contain specific peptides in order to trigger immune responses that precisely target particular diseases. Ongoing studies show that these vaccines are a promising potential immunotherapy for a range of cancers including melanomas, breast cancers, and glioblastomas. Researchers are also investigating whether these vaccines could more effectively combat new variants of infectious diseases.

    To develop these vaccines, scientists can use models that help them predict which peptides are most likely to trigger a strong immune response to a particular antigen. A limitation of many of these models, the researchers say, is that they treat peptides as a one-dimensional sequence of amino acids, not the three-dimensional, active structures that they are.

    Now, Yale researchers have created a model that also incorporates structural and biochemical properties of peptides. In the new study, they show that the multimodal model is more effective at identifying peptide candidates than its predecessors.

    "Cancer is extremely heterogeneous---which often makes it very hard to treat effectively," says Kevin B. Givechian, PhD, an MD-PhD student at Yale and co-first author on the study. “We have built a deep-learning model that integrates more information than had previously been combined to help us improve the identification of vaccine targets that stimulate people's immune system against their own tumor. Doing so would enable a more effective and less toxic method of treatment."


ВACKMAN, Isabella. Using Machine Learning to Develop Personalized Vaccines for Cancer. Yale School of Medicine, 24 fev. 2026. Acesso em: 28 june. 2026.
The verb tense in "Yale researchers have developed a machine learning model" is used to indicate that:
 

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas
4224103 Ano: 2026
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: Avança SP
Orgão: Pref. Ubatuba-SP
Read the text to answer question.


Using Machine Learning to Develop Personalized Vaccines for Cancer


Yale researchers have developed a machine learning model, called Immunostruct, that can help scientists create more personalized vaccines, including vaccines for cancer. They described the tool in Nature Machine Intelligence along with findings from applying it to cancer and immunology data.

    When a potential threat, such as a virus or tumor, arises in our body, our immune cells recognize peptides---essentially short proteins---on the surface of the invader and mount a defensive response. This small region that the immune system interacts with is known as an epitope. 

    Epitope-based vaccines are an emerging technology that contain specific peptides in order to trigger immune responses that precisely target particular diseases. Ongoing studies show that these vaccines are a promising potential immunotherapy for a range of cancers including melanomas, breast cancers, and glioblastomas. Researchers are also investigating whether these vaccines could more effectively combat new variants of infectious diseases.

    To develop these vaccines, scientists can use models that help them predict which peptides are most likely to trigger a strong immune response to a particular antigen. A limitation of many of these models, the researchers say, is that they treat peptides as a one-dimensional sequence of amino acids, not the three-dimensional, active structures that they are.

    Now, Yale researchers have created a model that also incorporates structural and biochemical properties of peptides. In the new study, they show that the multimodal model is more effective at identifying peptide candidates than its predecessors.

    "Cancer is extremely heterogeneous---which often makes it very hard to treat effectively," says Kevin B. Givechian, PhD, an MD-PhD student at Yale and co-first author on the study. “We have built a deep-learning model that integrates more information than had previously been combined to help us improve the identification of vaccine targets that stimulate people's immune system against their own tumor. Doing so would enable a more effective and less toxic method of treatment."


ВACKMAN, Isabella. Using Machine Learning to Develop Personalized Vaccines for Cancer. Yale School of Medicine, 24 fev. 2026. Acesso em: 28 june. 2026.
In the sentence "Cancer is extremely heterogeneous," the adjective heterogeneous suggests that cancer is:
 

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas
4224102 Ano: 2026
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: Avança SP
Orgão: Pref. Ubatuba-SP
Read the text to answer question.


Using Machine Learning to Develop Personalized Vaccines for Cancer


Yale researchers have developed a machine learning model, called Immunostruct, that can help scientists create more personalized vaccines, including vaccines for cancer. They described the tool in Nature Machine Intelligence along with findings from applying it to cancer and immunology data.

    When a potential threat, such as a virus or tumor, arises in our body, our immune cells recognize peptides---essentially short proteins---on the surface of the invader and mount a defensive response. This small region that the immune system interacts with is known as an epitope. 

    Epitope-based vaccines are an emerging technology that contain specific peptides in order to trigger immune responses that precisely target particular diseases. Ongoing studies show that these vaccines are a promising potential immunotherapy for a range of cancers including melanomas, breast cancers, and glioblastomas. Researchers are also investigating whether these vaccines could more effectively combat new variants of infectious diseases.

    To develop these vaccines, scientists can use models that help them predict which peptides are most likely to trigger a strong immune response to a particular antigen. A limitation of many of these models, the researchers say, is that they treat peptides as a one-dimensional sequence of amino acids, not the three-dimensional, active structures that they are.

    Now, Yale researchers have created a model that also incorporates structural and biochemical properties of peptides. In the new study, they show that the multimodal model is more effective at identifying peptide candidates than its predecessors.

    "Cancer is extremely heterogeneous---which often makes it very hard to treat effectively," says Kevin B. Givechian, PhD, an MD-PhD student at Yale and co-first author on the study. “We have built a deep-learning model that integrates more information than had previously been combined to help us improve the identification of vaccine targets that stimulate people's immune system against their own tumor. Doing so would enable a more effective and less toxic method of treatment."


ВACKMAN, Isabella. Using Machine Learning to Develop Personalized Vaccines for Cancer. Yale School of Medicine, 24 fev. 2026. Acesso em: 28 june. 2026.
In the excerpt "our immune cells recognize peptides... and mount a defensive response," the word "mount" could be replaced, without changing its meaning, by:
 

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas
4224101 Ano: 2026
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: Avança SP
Orgão: Pref. Ubatuba-SP
Read the text to answer question.


Using Machine Learning to Develop Personalized Vaccines for Cancer


Yale researchers have developed a machine learning model, called Immunostruct, that can help scientists create more personalized vaccines, including vaccines for cancer. They described the tool in Nature Machine Intelligence along with findings from applying it to cancer and immunology data.

    When a potential threat, such as a virus or tumor, arises in our body, our immune cells recognize peptides---essentially short proteins---on the surface of the invader and mount a defensive response. This small region that the immune system interacts with is known as an epitope. 

    Epitope-based vaccines are an emerging technology that contain specific peptides in order to trigger immune responses that precisely target particular diseases. Ongoing studies show that these vaccines are a promising potential immunotherapy for a range of cancers including melanomas, breast cancers, and glioblastomas. Researchers are also investigating whether these vaccines could more effectively combat new variants of infectious diseases.

    To develop these vaccines, scientists can use models that help them predict which peptides are most likely to trigger a strong immune response to a particular antigen. A limitation of many of these models, the researchers say, is that they treat peptides as a one-dimensional sequence of amino acids, not the three-dimensional, active structures that they are.

    Now, Yale researchers have created a model that also incorporates structural and biochemical properties of peptides. In the new study, they show that the multimodal model is more effective at identifying peptide candidates than its predecessors.

    "Cancer is extremely heterogeneous---which often makes it very hard to treat effectively," says Kevin B. Givechian, PhD, an MD-PhD student at Yale and co-first author on the study. “We have built a deep-learning model that integrates more information than had previously been combined to help us improve the identification of vaccine targets that stimulate people's immune system against their own tumor. Doing so would enable a more effective and less toxic method of treatment."


ВACKMAN, Isabella. Using Machine Learning to Develop Personalized Vaccines for Cancer. Yale School of Medicine, 24 fev. 2026. Acesso em: 28 june. 2026.
According to the text, the main purpose of Immunostruct is to help scientists:
 

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas
4222860 Ano: 2026
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: FGV
Orgão: SEDUC-SP
Provas:
READ TEXTS V AND VI AND ANSWER THE  QUESTION THAT FOLLOW.


TEXT V

Enunciado 4615798-1



Acclaimed by critics, beloved by readers of all ages, taught everywhere from inner-city grade schools to universities across the country, and translated all over the world, The House on Mango Street is the remarkable story of Esperanza Cordero.

Told in a series of vignettes – sometimes heartbreaking, sometimes deeply joyous – it is the story of a young Latina girl growing up in Chicago, inventing for herself who and what she will become. Few other books in our time have touched so many readers.
From: https://www.amazon.com.br/dp/0679734775


TEXT VI


They always told us that one day we would move into a house, a real house that would be ours for always so we wouldn't have to move each year. And our house would have running water and pipes that worked. And inside it would have real stairs, not hallway stairs, but stairs inside like the houses on T.V. And we'd have a basement and at least three washrooms so when we took a bath we wouldn't have to tell everybody. Our house would be white with trees around it, a great big yard and grass growing without a fence. This was the house Papa talked about when he held a lottery ticket and this was the house Mama dreamed up in the stories she told us before we went to bed.
From: CISNEROS, Sandra. The House on Mango Street. New York: Vintage Books, 1991. p. 4. 
In Text V, the fragment “sometimes heartbreaking, sometimes deeply joyous” signals a
 

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas
4222859 Ano: 2026
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: FGV
Orgão: SEDUC-SP
Provas:
READ TEXTS V AND VI AND ANSWER THE  QUESTION THAT FOLLOW.


TEXT V

Enunciado 4615797-1



Acclaimed by critics, beloved by readers of all ages, taught everywhere from inner-city grade schools to universities across the country, and translated all over the world, The House on Mango Street is the remarkable story of Esperanza Cordero.

Told in a series of vignettes – sometimes heartbreaking, sometimes deeply joyous – it is the story of a young Latina girl growing up in Chicago, inventing for herself who and what she will become. Few other books in our time have touched so many readers.
From: https://www.amazon.com.br/dp/0679734775


TEXT VI


They always told us that one day we would move into a house, a real house that would be ours for always so we wouldn't have to move each year. And our house would have running water and pipes that worked. And inside it would have real stairs, not hallway stairs, but stairs inside like the houses on T.V. And we'd have a basement and at least three washrooms so when we took a bath we wouldn't have to tell everybody. Our house would be white with trees around it, a great big yard and grass growing without a fence. This was the house Papa talked about when he held a lottery ticket and this was the house Mama dreamed up in the stories she told us before we went to bed.
From: CISNEROS, Sandra. The House on Mango Street. New York: Vintage Books, 1991. p. 4. 
If the teacher asks a student to find a specific piece of information in the text, such as a date or a number, the reading strategy to be used is
 

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas
4222857 Ano: 2026
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: FGV
Orgão: SEDUC-SP
Provas:
READ TEXTS V AND VI AND ANSWER THE  QUESTION THAT FOLLOW.


TEXT V

Enunciado 4615795-1



Acclaimed by critics, beloved by readers of all ages, taught everywhere from inner-city grade schools to universities across the country, and translated all over the world, The House on Mango Street is the remarkable story of Esperanza Cordero.

Told in a series of vignettes – sometimes heartbreaking, sometimes deeply joyous – it is the story of a young Latina girl growing up in Chicago, inventing for herself who and what she will become. Few other books in our time have touched so many readers.
From: https://www.amazon.com.br/dp/0679734775


TEXT VI


They always told us that one day we would move into a house, a real house that would be ours for always so we wouldn't have to move each year. And our house would have running water and pipes that worked. And inside it would have real stairs, not hallway stairs, but stairs inside like the houses on T.V. And we'd have a basement and at least three washrooms so when we took a bath we wouldn't have to tell everybody. Our house would be white with trees around it, a great big yard and grass growing without a fence. This was the house Papa talked about when he held a lottery ticket and this was the house Mama dreamed up in the stories she told us before we went to bed.
From: CISNEROS, Sandra. The House on Mango Street. New York: Vintage Books, 1991. p. 4. 
Regarding the actions and events described in Text VI, it is correct to state that one of the narrator’s routine was
 

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas
4222856 Ano: 2026
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: FGV
Orgão: SEDUC-SP
Provas:
READ TEXTS V AND VI AND ANSWER THE  QUESTION THAT FOLLOW.


TEXT V

Enunciado 4615794-1



Acclaimed by critics, beloved by readers of all ages, taught everywhere from inner-city grade schools to universities across the country, and translated all over the world, The House on Mango Street is the remarkable story of Esperanza Cordero.

Told in a series of vignettes – sometimes heartbreaking, sometimes deeply joyous – it is the story of a young Latina girl growing up in Chicago, inventing for herself who and what she will become. Few other books in our time have touched so many readers.
From: https://www.amazon.com.br/dp/0679734775


TEXT VI


They always told us that one day we would move into a house, a real house that would be ours for always so we wouldn't have to move each year. And our house would have running water and pipes that worked. And inside it would have real stairs, not hallway stairs, but stairs inside like the houses on T.V. And we'd have a basement and at least three washrooms so when we took a bath we wouldn't have to tell everybody. Our house would be white with trees around it, a great big yard and grass growing without a fence. This was the house Papa talked about when he held a lottery ticket and this was the house Mama dreamed up in the stories she told us before we went to bed.
From: CISNEROS, Sandra. The House on Mango Street. New York: Vintage Books, 1991. p. 4. 
Text VI implies that the family was looking for a(n)
 

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas
4222855 Ano: 2026
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: FGV
Orgão: SEDUC-SP
Provas:
READ TEXTS V AND VI AND ANSWER THE  QUESTION THAT FOLLOW.


TEXT V

Enunciado 4615793-1



Acclaimed by critics, beloved by readers of all ages, taught everywhere from inner-city grade schools to universities across the country, and translated all over the world, The House on Mango Street is the remarkable story of Esperanza Cordero.

Told in a series of vignettes – sometimes heartbreaking, sometimes deeply joyous – it is the story of a young Latina girl growing up in Chicago, inventing for herself who and what she will become. Few other books in our time have touched so many readers.
From: https://www.amazon.com.br/dp/0679734775


TEXT VI


They always told us that one day we would move into a house, a real house that would be ours for always so we wouldn't have to move each year. And our house would have running water and pipes that worked. And inside it would have real stairs, not hallway stairs, but stairs inside like the houses on T.V. And we'd have a basement and at least three washrooms so when we took a bath we wouldn't have to tell everybody. Our house would be white with trees around it, a great big yard and grass growing without a fence. This was the house Papa talked about when he held a lottery ticket and this was the house Mama dreamed up in the stories she told us before we went to bed.
From: CISNEROS, Sandra. The House on Mango Street. New York: Vintage Books, 1991. p. 4. 
In order to help students understand Text VI, the teacher could say that “would” indicates that the house described is
 

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas
4222854 Ano: 2026
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: FGV
Orgão: SEDUC-SP
Provas:
READ TEXTS V AND VI AND ANSWER THE  QUESTION THAT FOLLOW.


TEXT V

Enunciado 4615792-1



Acclaimed by critics, beloved by readers of all ages, taught everywhere from inner-city grade schools to universities across the country, and translated all over the world, The House on Mango Street is the remarkable story of Esperanza Cordero.

Told in a series of vignettes – sometimes heartbreaking, sometimes deeply joyous – it is the story of a young Latina girl growing up in Chicago, inventing for herself who and what she will become. Few other books in our time have touched so many readers.
From: https://www.amazon.com.br/dp/0679734775


TEXT VI


They always told us that one day we would move into a house, a real house that would be ours for always so we wouldn't have to move each year. And our house would have running water and pipes that worked. And inside it would have real stairs, not hallway stairs, but stairs inside like the houses on T.V. And we'd have a basement and at least three washrooms so when we took a bath we wouldn't have to tell everybody. Our house would be white with trees around it, a great big yard and grass growing without a fence. This was the house Papa talked about when he held a lottery ticket and this was the house Mama dreamed up in the stories she told us before we went to bed.
From: CISNEROS, Sandra. The House on Mango Street. New York: Vintage Books, 1991. p. 4. 
According to Text V, The House on Mango Street
 

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas