Speech is a complex system and not a complicated system. In fact, this system is organized in the service, not of meaningless bits of sound, but meaningful words and phrases, intended for symbolic communication between embodied, socially situated agents. This view is compatible with current thinking across a range of of language.

The group of words that best completes the blank is

Compared to young learners, adult learners have several advantages and a few disadvantages. Read the following characteristics (numbers) and explanations (letters):

1. Cognitively mature

2. Self directing

3. Focused on career paths

4. Psychologically vulnerable

A. Many go to school even though they may feel embarrassed.

B. This is based on the life and school experiences which help them understand the context and rules of language learning.

C. Learn best when learning something that has clear importance for future financial goals.

D. Adult learners need to select their own literacy goals to maintain interest and motivation.

Which is the correct association between numbers and letters?

Using literature as content in ESL/EFL classes has a variety of benefits. While _________literature should be primarily an enjoyable _________experience, using literature in L2 classrooms can also develop students' language _______.

The sequence of words, from left to right, that best completes the sentence above is

English for Specific Purposes experts are in considerable agreement about its core characteristics.

Celse-Murcia (2013) establishes that an absolute characteristic related to English for Specific Purposes is that it is

According to Celse-Murcia (2013), the theoretical basis for the use of digital technology in the classroom comes from various second language acquisition theories.

The use of _________ in English language teaching and learning can also encourage the development of strategies necessary for modern survival: _________, _________, _________ and _________.

The group of words that best completes the sentence above is

Considering vocabulary learning in L2, there are many words to know and many details to be known about each word.

Celse-Murcia (2013) establishes that word knowledge includes the mastery of its:

The way to form possessives in English is to add ‘s to regular singular nouns and noncount nouns and irregular plural nouns not ending in s or to add an apostrophe after the s ending of regular plural nouns and after singular/noncount nouns ending in the sound /s/ to form ‘s.

Celse-Murcia (2013) affirms that, besides possession, the genitive form can indicate:

Celse-Murcia (2013) brings a brief example is a figurative episode where English is taught as a foreign language to beginner students. The teacher has introduced the grammatical topic of question formation explaining that Yes - No Questions are made in English by inverting the subject of a sentence with the operator in the sentence. In this initial lesson, she defines the operator as some form of the verb to be, here ARE. She has provided the class with examples, and she now gives them practice in forming Yes - No Questions. She makes a statement and tells the students to transform it into a question.

Teacher: We are studying English.

Students: Are we studying English?

Teacher: Yes, we are. We are using a book.

Students: Are we using a book?

Teacher: No, we aren’t. We are making questions.

Students: Are we making questions?

Later in the morning, a girl turns to the teacher and asks:

We are going outside for recess?

The teacher silently takes note of the students' failure to invert the subject with the operator.

According to this example, it is correct to say that for the teacher,

According to Celse-Murcia (2013), when using the term “mechanics of writing”, we usually refer to the very early stage of the letter recognition and basic rules of spelling. Just beyond this early stage, we continue to expand the spelling rules, focus on punctuation and capitalization, and cover the comprehension and production of sentences and short paragraphs. The time devoted to developing the mechanism of writing serves the acquisition of both reading and writing.

What is the goal of teaching the mechanism of reading and writing?

An effective reading curriculum can be built based on a general set of 9 principles, to assist teachers, material writers, and curriculum developers in translating research findings into instructional practices appropriate for English for Academic Reading.

The correct sequence of True and False statements about Celce-Murcia’s principles for an effective reading curriculum, from top to bottom, is

( ) Integrate reading skills instruction with extensive practice and exposure to print.

( ) Use reading resources that are interesting, varied, attractive, abundant and accessible.

( ) Don't build expectations about reading that occurs in every lesson.

( ) Connect reading to students’ background knowledge.