TEXTO PARA QUESTÃO.

Over the last two decades, technology companies and policymakers warned of a “digital divide” in which poor children could fall behind their more affluent peers without equal access to technology. Today, with widespread internet access and smartphone ownership, the gap has narrowed sharply.

But with less fanfare a different division has appeared: Across the country, poor children and adolescents are participating far less in sports and fitness activities than more affluent youngsters are. Call it the physical divide. Data from multiple sources reveal a significant gap in sports participation by income level.

A combination of factors is responsible. Spending cuts and changing priorities at some public schools have curtailed physical education classes and organized sports. At the same time, privatized youth sports have become a multibilliondollar enterprise offering new opportunities — at least for families that can afford hundreds to thousands of dollars each season for club-team fees, uniforms, equipment, travel to tournaments and private coaching.

“What’s happened as sports has become privatized is that it has become the haves and have-nots,” said Jon Solomon, editorial director for the Aspen Institute Sports and Society Program. “Particularly for low-income kids, if they don’t have access to sports within the school setting, where are they going to get their physical activity?” Mr. Solomon said. “The answer is nowhere.”

The New York Times. 24 March 2023. Adaptado.

TEXTO PARA QUESTÃO.

Over the last two decades, technology companies and policymakers warned of a “digital divide” in which poor children could fall behind their more affluent peers without equal access to technology. Today, with widespread internet access and smartphone ownership, the gap has narrowed sharply.

But with less fanfare a different division has appeared: Across the country, poor children and adolescents are participating far less in sports and fitness activities than more affluent youngsters are. Call it the physical divide. Data from multiple sources reveal a significant gap in sports participation by income level.

A combination of factors is responsible. Spending cuts and changing priorities at some public schools have curtailed physical education classes and organized sports. At the same time, privatized youth sports have become a multibilliondollar enterprise offering new opportunities — at least for families that can afford hundreds to thousands of dollars each season for club-team fees, uniforms, equipment, travel to tournaments and private coaching.

“What’s happened as sports has become privatized is that it has become the haves and have-nots,” said Jon Solomon, editorial director for the Aspen Institute Sports and Society Program. “Particularly for low-income kids, if they don’t have access to sports within the school setting, where are they going to get their physical activity?” Mr. Solomon said. “The answer is nowhere.”

The New York Times. 24 March 2023. Adaptado.

Read the cartoon and after answer question 27:

(https://www.englishact.com.br/2016/05/atividade-com-charge-em-ingles.html) – acesso em 06/09/23

Read the text below and after answer question 23:

Nobody wants me to be a model!

The following weekend Tom and Rita went out together. Tom took his camera and they went to the park in Silverton. It was cold. But the sun was shining brightly. They walked around the lake and the flower garden. They had lunch in the restaurant in the park. Then they sat near a big oak tree.

“I’m very happy”, said Tom.

“Me too”, said Rita. She put her hand on Tom’s hand. “I’m pleased I met you.”

They talked and talked. Then Tom took some photos of Rita wearing her new winter coat.

“I made the coat myself”, she said. “I wanted to buy something new, but I can’t afford to buy the clothes I like.”

“The coat looks wonderful”, said Tom. “And so do you.”

“Can I take a photo of you?”, asked Rita.

“Why”, asked Tom. He laughed. “I’m not going to be a model.”

“No”, said Rita. “But I think you’re very handsome.”

(McGovern. Kieran. Love by design. Oxford: Heinemann, 1994, p.3)

Read the text below and after answer the question 32:

Why do we work 9 to 5? The history of the eight-hour workday

By Jeanne Sahadi, CNN

Published 6:59 AM EDT, Sat September 9, 2023

New York CNN —

US work culture revolves around employees putting in eight hours a day, five days a week — a schedule immortalized by Dolly Parton in her 1980 song “9 to 5.”

It’s just the norm, many assume. Same as it ever was.

Except, it wasn’t always so. It has just held steady at that level since World War II.

How the United States landed on the eight-hour standard wasn’t the result of one union or one industry, one company or one law. Rather it came about after a long and complex mix of labor actions, advocacy, political compromises, pioneering employers and economic competition.

[...]

Generally speaking, there was a steady decline in the length of the workday from the 1800s through World War II, with a fairly steep drop during the 1920s, said economic historian Benjamin Hunnicutt, a professor at the University of Iowa.

But the descent began from a fairly high level.

In the mid-1800s, working 70-plus hours a week was common, according to economist Robert Whaples, a professor at Wake Forest University, who created a detailed timeline on the evolution of hours worked in the United States for the Economic History Association.

Given that people typically worked six days a week back then, that comes out to roughly 12 hours a day. Not that there weren’t examples in the early 20th century of people putting in far more time than that. At the end of World War I, for instance, blast furnace workers in the steel industry typically logged 84 hours a week, Whaples notes. “These abnormally long hours were the subject of much denunciation and a major issue in a strike that began in September 1919. The strike failed … but four years later US Steel reduced its workday from twelve to eight hours.”

[…]

(https://edition.cnn.com/2023/09/09/success/work-culture-9-to-5-curious-consumer/index.html) – acesso em 10/09/23.

Read the text below and after answer questions 30 and 31:

25+ Bizarre Things You Can Only Find in Brazil

Updated: Aug 21, 2023By Audrey Kyanova Entertainment

Brazil is one of the most beautiful countries in the world, known for its lovely beaches, lush Amazon, wild Carnivals, and more. The South American country is home to a population of over 214 million, the majority of whom speak Portuguese as their main language.

This list consists of some of the most unique tourist attractions, natural wonders, food, and other native features you can find in Brazil. You probably won’t see a lot of the items on this on WBD, as many are off the beaten path (yet still very important to Brazilians).

[...]

9. Lunch Is The Day’s Most Important Meal

The common saying goes, “Breakfast is the most important meal of the day,” but, when you’re in Brazil, that’s just not true. The country considers lunch to be the most important meal of the day, with employers often allowing two-hour lunch breaks to their employees.

This meal is the largest, usually consisting of rice and beans, farofa, salad, and a protein of some kind, such as beef or chicken. If you’re still hungry after lunch (doubtful, but possible), you can always enjoy a small afternoon snack, called a Merenda, before dinner.

[...]

26. Transforming Everything Into Memes

Remember the “confused woman” meme, which features a blonde woman surrounded by math equations? It’s been an Internet mainstay for years, and we have Brazil to thank for that. The meme came from the country, as Brazil loves its memes.

As Global Voices put it, those who want to “understand Brazil” need only look at its memes. Brazil is ranked as fourth in the world when it comes to Internet users, and its Portuguese-speaking digital world has produced a ton of memes about every topic imaginable.

(https://www.streetinsider.com/magazine/bizarre-things-you-can-only-find-in-brazil/) - acesso em 10/09/23.

Read the text below and after answer questions 30 and 31:

25+ Bizarre Things You Can Only Find in Brazil

Updated: Aug 21, 2023By Audrey Kyanova Entertainment

Brazil is one of the most beautiful countries in the world, known for its lovely beaches, lush Amazon, wild Carnivals, and more. The South American country is home to a population of over 214 million, the majority of whom speak Portuguese as their main language.

This list consists of some of the most unique tourist attractions, natural wonders, food, and other native features you can find in Brazil. You probably won’t see a lot of the items on this on WBD, as many are off the beaten path (yet still very important to Brazilians).

[...]

9. Lunch Is The Day’s Most Important Meal

The common saying goes, “Breakfast is the most important meal of the day,” but, when you’re in Brazil, that’s just not true. The country considers lunch to be the most important meal of the day, with employers often allowing two-hour lunch breaks to their employees.

This meal is the largest, usually consisting of rice and beans, farofa, salad, and a protein of some kind, such as beef or chicken. If you’re still hungry after lunch (doubtful, but possible), you can always enjoy a small afternoon snack, called a Merenda, before dinner.

[...]

26. Transforming Everything Into Memes

Remember the “confused woman” meme, which features a blonde woman surrounded by math equations? It’s been an Internet mainstay for years, and we have Brazil to thank for that. The meme came from the country, as Brazil loves its memes.

As Global Voices put it, those who want to “understand Brazil” need only look at its memes. Brazil is ranked as fourth in the world when it comes to Internet users, and its Portuguese-speaking digital world has produced a ton of memes about every topic imaginable.

(https://www.streetinsider.com/magazine/bizarre-things-you-can-only-find-in-brazil/) - acesso em 10/09/23.