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Read the text to answer question.
Based on theoretical, experimental, and experiential knowledge, teachers and teacher educators have expressed their dissatisfaction with method in different ways. Studies clearly demonstrate that, even as the methodological band played on, practicing teachers have been marching to a different drum.
In this sense, the post method condition is established as a timely response. It signifies interrelated attributes. First and foremost, it signifies a search for an alternative to method rather than an alternative method. While alternative methods are primarily products of top-down processes, alternatives to method are mainly products of bottom-up processes. In practical terms, this means that we need to refigure the relationship between the theorizer and the practitioner of language teaching. If the concept of method authorizes theorizers to centralize pedagogic decision-making, the postmethod condition enables practitioners to generate location-specific, classroom-oriented innovative strategies.
Secondly, the postmethod condition signifies teacher autonomy. The conventional concept of method “overlooks the fund of experience and tacit knowledge about teaching which the teachers already have by virtue of their lives as students” (Freeman, 1991). The postmethod condition, however, recognizes the teachers’ potential to know not only how to teach but also how to act autonomously within the academic and administrative constraints imposed by institutions, curricula, and textbooks. It also promotes the ability of teachers to know how to develop a critical approach in order to self-observe, self-analyze, and self-evaluate their own teaching practice with a view to effecting desired changes.
Segundo o autor, o pós-método significa dar ao professor autonomia, na medida em que
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Read the text to answer question.
Based on theoretical, experimental, and experiential knowledge, teachers and teacher educators have expressed their dissatisfaction with method in different ways. Studies clearly demonstrate that, even as the methodological band played on, practicing teachers have been marching to a different drum.
In this sense, the post method condition is established as a timely response. It signifies interrelated attributes. First and foremost, it signifies a search for an alternative to method rather than an alternative method. While alternative methods are primarily products of top-down processes, alternatives to method are mainly products of bottom-up processes. In practical terms, this means that we need to refigure the relationship between the theorizer and the practitioner of language teaching. If the concept of method authorizes theorizers to centralize pedagogic decision-making, the postmethod condition enables practitioners to generate location-specific, classroom-oriented innovative strategies.
Secondly, the postmethod condition signifies teacher autonomy. The conventional concept of method “overlooks the fund of experience and tacit knowledge about teaching which the teachers already have by virtue of their lives as students” (Freeman, 1991). The postmethod condition, however, recognizes the teachers’ potential to know not only how to teach but also how to act autonomously within the academic and administrative constraints imposed by institutions, curricula, and textbooks. It also promotes the ability of teachers to know how to develop a critical approach in order to self-observe, self-analyze, and self-evaluate their own teaching practice with a view to effecting desired changes.
In the second paragraph, Kamaravadivelu states that the post method condition
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Read the text to answer question.
Based on theoretical, experimental, and experiential knowledge, teachers and teacher educators have expressed their dissatisfaction with method in different ways. Studies clearly demonstrate that, even as the methodological band played on, practicing teachers have been marching to a different drum.
In this sense, the post method condition is established as a timely response. It signifies interrelated attributes. First and foremost, it signifies a search for an alternative to method rather than an alternative method. While alternative methods are primarily products of top-down processes, alternatives to method are mainly products of bottom-up processes. In practical terms, this means that we need to refigure the relationship between the theorizer and the practitioner of language teaching. If the concept of method authorizes theorizers to centralize pedagogic decision-making, the postmethod condition enables practitioners to generate location-specific, classroom-oriented innovative strategies.
Secondly, the postmethod condition signifies teacher autonomy. The conventional concept of method “overlooks the fund of experience and tacit knowledge about teaching which the teachers already have by virtue of their lives as students” (Freeman, 1991). The postmethod condition, however, recognizes the teachers’ potential to know not only how to teach but also how to act autonomously within the academic and administrative constraints imposed by institutions, curricula, and textbooks. It also promotes the ability of teachers to know how to develop a critical approach in order to self-observe, self-analyze, and self-evaluate their own teaching practice with a view to effecting desired changes.
The end of the first paragraph “even as the methodological band played on, practicing teachers have been marching to a different drum” transported to second language teaching, means that, although methods have frequently been in use, practicing teachers have
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The problem with artificial intelligence? lt's neither artificial, nor intelligent.
Elon Musk and Apple's co-founder Steve Wozniak have recently signed a letter calling for a six-month moratorium on the development of AI systems.
lt is a laudable goal, but there is an even better way to spend these six months: retiring the hackneyed label of "artificial intelligence" from public debate.
[ ... ]
However, many critics have pointed out that intelligence is not just about patternmatching. Equally important is the ability to draw generalisations. Marcel Duchamp's 1917 work of art Fountain is a prime example of this. Before Duchamp's piece, a urinai was just a urinai. But, with a change of perspective, Duchamp turned it into a work of art. At that moment, he was generalising about art.
[ ... ]
Human intelligence is not one-dimensional. lt rests on what the 20th-century Chilean psychoanalyst lgnacio Matte Bianca called bi-logic: a fusion of the static and timeless logic of formal reasoning and the contextual and highly dynamic logic of emotion. The former searches for differences; the latter is quick to erase them. Marcel Duchamp's mind knew that the urinai belonged in a bathroom; his heart didn't. Bi-logic explains how we regroup mundane things in novel and insightful ways. We all do this - not just Duchamp.
AI will never get there because machines cannot have a sense (rather than mere knowledge) of the past, the present and the future; of history, injury or nostalgia. Without that, there's no emotion, depriving bi-logic of one of its components. Thus, machines remain trapped in the singular formal logic.
[ ... ]
But the reason why tools like ChatGPT can do anything even remotely creative is because their training sets were produced by actually existing humans, with their complex emotions, anxieties and all. lf we want such creativity to persist, we should also be funding the production of art, fiction and history - not just data centres and machine learning.
That's not at all where things point now. The ultimate risk of not retiring terms such as "artificial intelligence" is that they will render the creative work of intelligence invisible, while making the world more predictable and dumb.
So, instead of spending six months auditing the algorithms while we wait for the "AI summer," we might as well go and reread Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream. That will doso much more to increase the intelligence in our world.
Observe the following sentence from paragraph 1 . "The goal is to give society time to adapt to what the signatories describe as an "AI summer'', which they believe will ultimately benefit humanity, as long as the right guardrails are put in place." Choose the alternative that can be considered the CORRECT past version of the sentence above.
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The problem with artificial intelligence? lt's neither artificial, nor intelligent.
Elon Musk and Apple's co-founder Steve Wozniak have recently signed a letter calling for a six-month moratorium on the development of AI systems. The goal is to give society time to adapt to what the signatories describe as an "AI summer'', which they believe will ultimately benefit humanity, as long as the right guardrails are put in place. These guardrails include rigorously audited safety protocols.
lt is a laudable goal, but there is an even better way to spend these six months: retiring the hackneyed label of "artificial intelligence" from public debate.
[ ... ]
However, many critics have pointed out that intelligence is not just about patternmatching. Equally important is the ability to draw generalisations. Marcel Duchamp's 1917 work of art Fountain is a prime example of this. Before Duchamp's piece, a urinai was just a urinai. But, with a change of perspective, Duchamp turned it into a work of art. At that moment, he was generalising about art.
[ ... ]
Human intelligence is not one-dimensional. lt rests on what the 20th-century Chilean psychoanalyst lgnacio Matte Bianca called bi-logic: a fusion of the static and timeless logic of formal reasoning and the contextual and highly dynamic logic of emotion.
AI will never get there because machines cannot have a sense (rather than mere knowledge) of the past, the present and the future; of history, injury or nostalgia. Without that, there's no emotion, depriving bi-logic of one of its components. Thus, machines remain trapped in the singular formal logic.
[ ... ]
But the reason why tools like ChatGPT can do anything even remotely creative is because their training sets were produced by actually existing humans, with their complex emotions, anxieties and all. lf we want such creativity to persist, we should also be funding the production of art, fiction and history - not just data centres and machine learning.
That's not at all where things point now. The ultimate risk of not retiring terms such as "artificial intelligence" is that they will render the creative work of intelligence invisible, while making the world more predictable and dumb.
So, instead of spending six months auditing the algorithms while we wait for the "AI summer," we might as well go and reread Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream. That will doso much more to increase the intelligence in our world.
ln the extract "The former searches for differences; the latter is quick to erase them.", the terms FORMER and LATTER reter respectively to
Provas
The problem with artificial intelligence? lt's neither artificial, nor intelligent.
Elon Musk and Apple's co-founder Steve Wozniak have recently signed a letter calling for a six-month moratorium on the development of AI systems. The goal is to give society time to adapt to what the signatories describe as an "AI summer'', which they believe will ultimately benefit humanity, as long as the right guardrails are put in place. These guardrails include rigorously audited safety protocols.
lt is a laudable goal, but there is an even better way to spend these six months: retiring the hackneyed label of "artificial intelligence" from public debate.
[ ... ]
However, many critics have pointed out that intelligence is not just about patternmatching. Equally important is the ability to draw generalisations. Marcel Duchamp's 1917 work of art Fountain is a prime example of this. Before Duchamp's piece, a urinai was just a urinai. But, with a change of perspective, Duchamp turned it into a work of art. At that moment, he was generalising about art.
[ ... ]
Human intelligence is not one-dimensional. lt rests on what the 20th-century Chilean psychoanalyst lgnacio Matte Bianca called bi-logic: a fusion of the static and timeless logic of formal reasoning and the contextual and highly dynamic logic of emotion. The former searches for differences; the latter is quick to erase them. Marcel Duchamp's mind knew that the urinai belonged in a bathroom; his heart didn't. Bi-logic explains how we regroup mundane things in novel and insightful ways. We all do this - not just Duchamp.
AI will never get there because machines cannot have a sense (rather than mere knowledge) of the past, the present and the future; of history, injury or nostalgia. Without that, there's no emotion, depriving bi-logic of one of its components. Thus, machines remain trapped in the singular formal logic.
[ ... ]
But the reason why tools like ChatGPT can do anything even remotely creative is because their training sets were produced by actually existing humans, with their complex emotions, anxieties and all. lf we want such creativity to persist, we should also be funding the production of art, fiction and history - not just data centres and machine learning.
That's not at all where things point now. The ultimate risk of not retiring terms such as "artificial intelligence" is that they will render the creative work of intelligence invisible, while making the world more predictable and dumb.
So, instead of spending six months auditing the algorithms while we wait for the "AI summer," we might as well go and reread Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream. That will doso much more to increase the intelligence in our world.
The sentence that BEST summarizes the main idea of the text is
Provas
Back To School But Not To Screens: States Ramp Up Cellphone Bans
Work has been easier for public high school teacher Brian Kerekes since last August, when he first experienced the impacts of a newly enacted Florida law to restrict students' cellphone use during class. The longtime statistics instructor, who started a new school year on Monday, now spends less time circling the classroom policing students and more time educating them on how to gather and interpret data.
Before Florida passed the ban in May 2023 - becoming the first of at least eight U.S. states to prohibit or restrict cellphone use in schools - phones proved a constant disruption in Kerekes' classroom at Tohopekaliga High School in the central Florida city of Kissimmee.
"Students were either using them to talk to someone in a different class or talk to someone on the other side of the room or just to zone out, get on TikTok or whatever," Kerekes, who's been a teacher for 17 years, said in an interview.
Fellow teachers nationwide face the sarne challenge, which explains why more states and districts are moving to limit or outright ban cellphones in the classroom, and even during the school day altogether. [ ... ]
The rules will look different from state to state and district to district, but all stem from the sarne concerns.
U.S. Surgeon General Vivek Murthy went so far as to issue a health advisory last year, warning that enough evidence exists to show social media can be unsafe for children and teens. "We are in the middle of a national youth mental health crisis," he said, "and I am concerned that social media is an important driver of that crisis, one that we must urgently address."
While social media can connect kids, make them feel less alone and offer an entertaining and creative outlet, it also exposes them to harmful content, Murthy pointed out in the advisory released by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. And, as educators such as Kerekes note, some students use their phones to bully fellow students online during the school day, and in the most extreme cases, to set up fights and film them. The hope is that cellphone bans will reduce such incidents. Kerekes said he's hearing they have.
Ao transpor a frase "Seventy-two percent of high school teachers cite cellphones as a major distraction in the classroom" para a voz passiva, a construção CORRETA é
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Back To School But Not To Screens: States Ramp Up Cellphone Bans
Work has been easier for public high school teacher Brian Kerekes since last August, when he first experienced the impacts of a newly enacted Florida law to restrict students' cellphone use during class. The longtime statistics instructor, who started a new school year on Monday, now spends less time circling the classroom policing students and more time educating them on how to gather and interpret data.
Before Florida passed the ban in May 2023 - becoming the first of at least eight U.S. states to prohibit or restrict cellphone use in schools - phones proved a constant disruption in Kerekes' classroom at Tohopekaliga High School in the central Florida city of Kissimmee.
"Students were either using them to talk to someone in a different class or talk to someone on the other side of the room or just to zone out, get on TikTok or whatever," Kerekes, who's been a teacher for 17 years, said in an interview.
Fellow teachers nationwide face the sarne challenge, which explains why more states and districts are moving to limit or outright ban cellphones in the classroom, and even during the school day altogether. [ ... ]
The rules will look different from state to state and district to district, but all stem from the sarne concerns.
Seventy-two percent of high school teachers cite cellphones as a major distraction in the classroom, according to a fall 2023 Pew Research Center study. Educators also worry that constant access to social media can adversely impact kids' mental health. [ ... ]
U.S. Surgeon General Vivek Murthy went so far as to issue a health advisory last year, warning that enough evidence exists to show social media can be unsafe for children and teens. "We are in the middle of a national youth mental health crisis," he said, "and
While social media can connect kids, make them feel less alone and offer an entertaining and creative outlet, it also exposes them to harmful content, Murthy pointed out in the advisory released by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. And, as educators such as Kerekes note, some students use their phones to bully fellow students online during the school day, and in the most extreme cases, to set up fights and film them. The hope is that cellphone bans will reduce such incidents. Kerekes said he's hearing they have.
Referring to the establishment of a national youth mental health crisis, U.S. Surgeon General Vivek Murthy stated: "I am concerned that social media is an important driver of that crisis, one that we must urgently address". ln this sentence, the modal verb MUST indicates
Provas
Back To School But Not To Screens: States Ramp Up Cellphone Bans
Work has been easier for public high school teacher Brian Kerekes since last August, when he first experienced the impacts of a newly enacted Florida law to restrict students' cellphone use during class. The longtime statistics instructor, who started a new school year on Monday, now spends less time circling the classroom policing students and more time educating them on how to gather and interpret data.
Before Florida passed the ban in May 2023 - becoming the first of at least eight U.S. states to prohibit or restrict cellphone use in schools - phones proved a constant disruption in Kerekes' classroom at Tohopekaliga High School in the central Florida city of Kissimmee.
"Students were either using them to talk to someone in a different class or talk to someone on the other side of the room or just to zone out, get on TikTok or whatever," Kerekes, who's been a teacher for 17 years, said in an interview.
The rules will look different from state to state and district to district, but all stem from the sarne concerns.
Seventy-two percent of high school teachers cite cellphones as a major distraction in the classroom, according to a fall 2023 Pew Research Center study. Educators also worry that constant access to social media can adversely impact kids' mental health. [ ... ]
U.S. Surgeon General Vivek Murthy went so far as to issue a health advisory last year, warning that enough evidence exists to show social media can be unsafe for children and teens. "We are in the middle of a national youth mental health crisis," he said, "and I am concerned that social media is an important driver of that crisis, one that we must urgently address."
While social media can connect kids, make them feel less alone and offer an entertaining and creative outlet, it also exposes them to harmful content, Murthy pointed out in the advisory released by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. And, as educators such as Kerekes note, some students use their phones to bully fellow students online during the school day, and in the most extreme cases, to set up fights and film them. The hope is that cellphone bans will reduce such incidents. Kerekes said he's hearing they have.
Na passagem "Fellow teachers nationwide face the sarne challenge, which explains why more states and districts are moving to limit or outright ban cellphones in the classroom", a palavra OUTRIGHT pode ser substituída, sem prejuízo de sentido, por
Provas
Back To School But Not To Screens: States Ramp Up Cellphone Bans
Work has been easier for public high school teacher Brian Kerekes since last August, when he first experienced the impacts of a newly enacted Florida law to restrict students' cellphone use during class. The longtime statistics instructor, who started a new school year on Monday, now spends less time circling the classroom policing students and more time educating them on how to gather and interpret data.
Before Florida passed the ban in May 2023 - becoming the first of at least eight U.S. states to prohibit or restrict cellphone use in schools - phones proved a constant disruption in Kerekes' classroom at Tohopekaliga High School in the central Florida city of Kissimmee.
"Students were either using them to talk to someone in a different class or talk to someone on the other side of the room or just to zone out, get on TikTok or whatever," Kerekes, who's been a teacher for 17 years, said in an interview.
Fellow teachers nationwide face the sarne challenge, which explains why more states and districts are moving to limit or outright ban cellphones in the classroom, and even during the school day altogether. [ ... ]
The rules will look different from state to state and district to district, but all stem from the sarne concerns.
Seventy-two percent of high school teachers cite cellphones as a major distraction in the classroom, according to a fall 2023 Pew Research Center study. Educators also worry that constant access to social media can adversely impact kids' mental health. [ ... ]
U.S. Surgeon General Vivek Murthy went so far as to issue a health advisory last year, warning that enough evidence exists to show social media can be unsafe for children and teens. "We are in the middle of a national youth mental health crisis," he said, "and I am concerned that social media is an important driver of that crisis, one that we must urgently address."
While social media can connect kids, make them feel less alone and offer an entertaining and creative outlet, it also exposes them to harmful content, Murthy pointed out in the advisory released by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. And, as educators such as Kerekes note, some students use their phones to bully fellow students online during the school day, and in the most extreme cases, to set up fights and film them. The hope is that cellphone bans will reduce such incidents. Kerekes said he's hearing they have.
De acordo com as informações presentes no texto, depreende-se que
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